Docker in Practice, Second Edition
Must have guide to understanding, setup, and administering Docker!
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Docker in Practice, Second Edition presents nearly 120 practical techniques, hand-picked to help you get the most out of Docker. Following a Problem/Solution/Discussion format, you'll walk through specific examples that you can use immediately, and you'll get expert guidance on general techniques you can apply to a whole range of scenarios. You'll tackle server maintenance, Swarm Mode, deployment, experimenting with your containers, and much more. Fully updated with newly-discovered techniques and interesting use cases, Docker in Practice, Second Edition is an essential resource that you'll want to have open on your desk!
Table of Contents detailed table of contents
Part 1: Docker fundamentals
1 Discovering Docker
1.1 The what and why of Docker
1.1.1 What is Docker?
1.1.2 What is Docker good for?
1.1.3 Key concepts
1.2 Building a Docker application
1.2.1 Ways to create a new Docker image
1.2.2 Writing a Dockerfile
1.2.3 Building a Docker image
1.2.4 Running a Docker container
1.2.5 Docker layering
1.3 Summary
2 Understanding Docker: inside the engine room
2.1 Docker’s architecture
2.1.1 The Docker daemon
2.1.2 TECHNIQUE n Open your Docker daemon to the world
2.1.3 TECHNIQUE n Running containers as daemons
2.1.4 TECHNIQUE n Moving Docker to a different partition
2.1.5 TECHNIQUE n Use socat to monitor Docker API traffic
2.1.6 TECHNIQUE n Using Docker in your browser
2.1.7 TECHNIQUE n Using ports to connect to containers
2.1.8 TECHNIQUE n Allowing container communication with user-defined networks
2.1.9 TECHNIQUE n Linking containers for port isolation
2.1.10 TECHNIQUE n Setting up a local Docker registry
2.1.11 TECHNIQUE n Finding and running a Docker image
2.2 Summary
Part 2: Docker and development
3 Using Docker as a lightweight virtual machine
3.1 From VM to container
3.1.1 TECHNIQUE n Converting your VM to a container
3.1.2 TECHNIQUE n A host-like container
3.1.3 TECHNIQUE n Splitting a system into microservice containers
3.1.4 TECHNIQUE n Managing the startup of your container’s services
3.2 Saving and restoring your work
3.2.1 TECHNIQUE n The "save game" approach to development—cheap source control
3.2.2 TECHNIQUE n Docker tagging
3.2.3 TECHNIQUE n Sharing images on the Docker Hub
3.2.4 TECHNIQUE n Referring to a specific image in builds
3.3 Environments as processes
3.3.1 TECHNIQUE n The "save game" approach to development
3.4 Summary
4 Building Images
4.1 Building images
4.1.1 TECHNIQUE n Injecting files into your image using ADD
4.1.2 TECHNIQUE n Rebuilding without the cache
4.1.3 TECHNIQUE n Busting the cache
4.1.4 TECHNIQUE n Intelligent cache-busting using build-args
4.1.5 TECHNIQUE n Intelligent cache-busting using the ADD directive
4.1.6 TECHNIQUE n Setting the Right Timezone in Your Containers
4.1.7 TECHNIQUE n Locale Management
4.1.8 TECHNIQUE n Step Through Layers With the Image-Stepper
4.1.9 TECHNIQUE n Onbuild and Golang
4.2 Summary
5 Running Containers
5.1 Running containers
5.1.1 TECHNIQUE n Running GUIs within Docker
5.1.2 TECHNIQUE n Inspecting containers
5.1.3 TECHNIQUE n Cleanly killing containers
5.1.4 TECHNIQUE n Using Docker Machine to provision Docker hosts
5.1.5 TECHNIQUE Wildcard DNS
5.2 Volumes—a persistent problem
5.2.1 TECHNIQUE n Docker volumes—problems of persistence
5.2.2 TECHNIQUE n Distributed volumes with BitTorrent Sync
5.2.3 TECHNIQUE n Retain your container’s bash history
5.2.4 TECHNIQUE n Data containers
5.2.5 TECHNIQUE n Remote volume mounting using sshfs
5.2.6 TECHNIQUE n Sharing data over NFS
5.2.7 TECHNIQUE n Dev tools container
5.3 Summary
6 Day-to-day Docker
6.1 Staying ship-shape
6.1.1 TECHNIQUE n Running Docker without sudo
6.1.2 TECHNIQUE n Housekeeping containers
6.1.3 TECHNIQUE n Housekeeping volumes
6.1.4 TECHNIQUE n Detaching containers without stopping them
6.1.5 TECHNIQUE n Using Portainer to manage your Docker daemon
6.1.6 TECHNIQUE n Generate a dependency graph of your Docker images
6.1.7 TECHNIQUE n Direct action—execute commands on your container
6.1.8 TECHNIQUE n Are you in a Docker container?
6.2 Summary
7 Configuration management: getting your house in order
7.1 Configuration management and Dockerfiles
7.1.1 TECHNIQUE n Create reliable bespoke tools with ENTRYPOINT
7.1.2 TECHNIQUE n Avoid package drift by specifying versions in your build
7.1.3 TECHNIQUE n Replacing text with perl -p -i -e
7.1.4 TECHNIQUE n Flattening images
7.1.5 TECHNIQUE n Managing foreign packages with alien
7.2 Traditional configuration management tools with Docker
7.2.1 TECHNIQUE n Traditional: using make with Docker
7.2.2 TECHNIQUE n Building images with Chef Solo
7.3 Small is beautiful
7.3.1 TECHNIQUE n Tricks for making an image smaller
7.3.2 TECHNIQUE n Tiny Docker images with BusyBox and Alpine
7.3.3 TECHNIQUE n The Go model of minimal containers
7.3.4 TECHNIQUE n Using inotifywait to slim containers
7.3.5 TECHNIQUE n Big can be beautiful—maybe monolithic is what you need?
7.4 Summary
Part 3: Docker and DevOps
8 Continuous integration: speeding up your development pipeline
8.1 Docker Hub automated builds
8.1.1 TECHNIQUE n Using the Docker Hub workflow
8.2 More efficient builds
8.2.1 TECHNIQUE n Speed up I/O-intensive builds with eatmydata
8.2.2 TECHNIQUE n Set up a package cache for faster builds
8.2.3 TECHNIQUE n Headless Chrome in a Container
8.2.4 TECHNIQUE n Running Selenium tests inside Docker
8.3 Containerizing your CI process
8.3.1 TECHNIQUE n Running the Jenkins master within a Docker container
8.3.2 TECHNIQUE n Containing a complex development environment
8.3.3 TECHNIQUE n Scale your CI with Jenkins' Swarm plugin
8.3.4 TECHNIQUE n Upgrade Your Containerized Jenkins Server Safely
8.4 Summary
9 Continuous delivery: a perfect fit for Docker principles
9.1 Interacting with other teams during the CD pipeline
9.1.1 TECHNIQUE n The Docker contract—reducing friction in your software pipeline
9.2 Facilitating deployment of Docker images
9.2.1 TECHNIQUE n Manually mirroring registry images
9.2.2 TECHNIQUE n Delivering images over constrained connections
9.2.3 TECHNIQUE n Sharing Docker objects as TAR files
9.3 Configuring your images for environments
9.3.1 TECHNIQUE n Informing your containers with etcd
9.4 Upgrading running containers
9.4.1 TECHNIQUE n Using confd to enable zero-downtime switchover
9.5 Summary
10 Network simulation: realistic environment testing without the pain
10.1 Container communication—beyond manual linking
10.1.1 TECHNIQUE n A simple Docker Compose cluster
10.1.2 TECHNIQUE n A SQLite server using Docker Compose
10.2 Using Docker to simulate real-world networking
10.2.1 TECHNIQUE n Simulating troublesome networks with comcast
10.2.2 TECHNIQUE n Simulating troublesome networks with Blockade
10.3 Docker and virtual networks
10.3.1 TECHNIQUE n Creating another Docker virtual network
10.3.2 TECHNIQUE n Setting up a substrate network with Weave
10.4 Summary
Part 4: Orchestration from a Single Machine to the Cloud
11 A Primer on Container Orchestration
11.1 Simple single-host Docker
11.1.1 TECHNIQUE n Managing your host’s containers with systemd
11.1.2 TECHNIQUE n Orchestrating the startup of your host’s containers with systemd
11.2 Manual Multi-host Docker
11.2.1 TECHNIQUE n Manual multi-host Docker with Helios
11.3 Service discovery: what have we here?
11.3.1 TECHNIQUE n Using Consul to discover services
11.3.3 TECHNIQUE n Automatic service registration with Registrator
11.4 Summary
12 The Data Centre as an OS with Docker
12.1 Multi-host Docker
12.1.1 TECHNIQUE n A seamless Docker cluster with Swarm mode
12.1.2 TECHNIQUE n Using a Kubernetes cluster
12.1.3 TECHNIQUE n Access the Kubernetes API from within a pod
12.1.4 TECHNIQUE n Using OpenShift to run AWS APIs locally
12.1.5 TECHNIQUE n Building a framework on Mesos
12.1.6 TECHNIQUE n Micromanaging Mesos with Marathon
12.2 Summary
13 Docker Platforms
13.1 What is a Docker Platform?
13.2 Motivation
13.3 A Map for Choosing Docker Platforms
13.4 Platform Choice Factors
13.4.1 Factor Definitions
13.4.2 Factor Discussion
13.4.3 Factors Conclusion
13.5 Areas to Consider when Adopting Docker
13.5.1 Security
13.5.2 Build and Ship
13.5.3 Run
13.5.4 Vendors, Organisations, and Products
13.6 Summary
Part 5: Docker in Production
14 Docker and security
14.1 Docker access and what it means
14.1.1 Do you care?
14.2 Security measures in Docker
14.2.1 TECHNIQUE n Constraining capabilities
14.2.2 TECHNIQUE n A 'Bad' Docker Image to Scan
14.3 Securing access to Docker
14.3.1 TECHNIQUE n HTTP auth on your Docker instance
14.3.2 TECHNIQUE n Securing your Docker API
14.4 Security from outside Docker
14.4.1 TECHNIQUE n Reduce a Container’s Attack Surface with docker-slim
14.4.2 TECHNIQUE n Removing Secrets Added During a Build
14.4.3 TECHNIQUE n OpenShift—an application platform as a service
14.4.4 TECHNIQUE n Using security options
14.5 Summary
15 Plain sailing: Docker in production and operational considerations
15.1 Monitoring
15.1.1 TECHNIQUE n Logging your containers to the host’s syslog
15.1.2 TECHNIQUE n Logging your Docker logs output to the host’s logging system
15.1.3 TECHNIQUE n Monitoring containers with cAdvisor
15.2 Resource control
15.2.1 TECHNIQUE n Restricting the cores a container can execute on
15.2.2 TECHNIQUE n Giving important containers more CPU
15.2.3 TECHNIQUE n Limiting the memory usage of a container
15.3 Sysadmin use-cases for Docker
15.3.1 TECHNIQUE n Using Docker to run cron jobs
15.3.2 TECHNIQUE The "save game" approach to backups
15.4 Summary
16 Docker in production: dealing with challenges
16.1 Performance: you can’t ignore the tin
16.1.1 TECHNIQUE n Accessing host resources from the container
16.1.2 TECHNIQUE n Disabling the OOM killer
16.2 When containers leak—debugging Docker
16.2.1 TECHNIQUE n Debug a container’s network with nsenter
16.2.2 TECHNIQUE n Using tcpflow to debug in flight without reconfiguring
16.2.3 TECHNIQUE n Debugging containers that fail on specific hosts
16.2.3 TECHNIQUE n Extracting a File From an Image
16.3 Summary
About the Technology
Docker's simple idea, wrapping an application and its dependencies into a single deployable package, has continued to drive a revolution in software delivery. Docker is now the foundation of CI and CD pipelines, microservice systems, infrastructure automation, and countless innovative twists on the dev process. As well, Docker boasts an incredibly diverse and rich ecosystem, including Kubernetes, CoreOS, Mesos, OpenShift, and the 100,000+ images available on Docker Hub. The options are limitless; Docker in Practice is your guide to the ideas, techniques, and tools that give you the most return on your time.
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