Dependency Injection Principles, Practices, and Patterns
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Dependency Injection Principles, Practices, and Patterns teaches you to use Dependency Injection to reduce hard-coded dependencies between application components. You'll start by learning what DI is and what types of applications will benefit from it. Then, you'll work through concrete scenarios using C# and the .NET framework to implement DI in your own projects. As you dive into the thoroughly-explained examples, you'll develop a foundation you can apply to any of the many DI libraries for .NET and .NET Core.
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Part 1: Putting Dependency Injection on the map
1 The basics of Dependency Injection: what, why, and how
1.1 Writing maintainable code
1.1.1 Common myths about DI
1.1.2 Understanding the purpose of DI
1.2 A simple example: Hello DI!
1.2.1 Hello DI! code
1.2.2 Benefits of DI
1.3 What to inject and what not to inject
1.3.1 Stable Dependencies
1.3.2 Volatile Dependencies
1.4 DI scope
1.4.1 Object Composition
1.4.2 Object Lifetime
1.4.3 Interception
1.4.4 DI in three dimensions
1.5 Conclusion
1.6 Summary
2 Writing tightly coupled code
2.1 Building a tightly coupled application
2.1.1 Meet Mary Rowan
2.1.2 Creating the data layer
2.1.3 Creating the domain layer
2.1.4 Creating the UI layer
2.2 Evaluating the tightly coupled application
2.2.1 Evaluating the dependency graph
2.2.2 Evaluating composability
2.3 Analysis of the missing composability
2.3.1 Dependency graph analysis
2.3.2 Data access interface analysis
2.3.3 Miscellaneous other issues
2.4 Conclusion
2.5 Summary
3 Writing loosely coupled code
3.1 Rebuilding the e-commerce application
3.1.1 Building a more maintainable UI
3.1.2 Building an independent domain model
3.1.3 Building a new data access layer
3.1.4 Implementing an ASP.NET Core-specific IUserContext Adapter
3.1.5 Composing the application in the Composition Root
3.2 Analyzing the loosely coupled implementation
3.2.1 Understanding the interaction between components
3.2.2 Analyzing the new dependency graph
3.3 Summary
Part 2: Catalog
4 DI patterns
4.1 Composition Root
4.1.1 How Composition Root works
4.1.2 Using a DI Container in a Composition Root
4.1.3 Example: implementing a Composition Root using Pure DI
4.1.2 The apparent dependency explosion
4.2 Constructor Injection
4.2.1 How Constructor Injection works
4.2.2 When to use Constructor Injection
4.2.3 Known use of Constructor Injection
4.2.4 Example: adding currency conversions to the featured products
4.2.5 Summary
4.3 Method Injection
4.3.1 How Method Injection works
4.3.2 When to use Method Injection
4.3.3 Known use of Method Injection
4.3.4 Example: adding currency conversions to the Product Entity
4.4 Property Injection
4.4.1 How Property Injection works
4.4.2 When to use Property Injection
4.4.3 Known uses of Property Injection
4.4.4 Example: Property Injection as an extensibility model of a reusable library
4.5 Choosing which pattern to use
4.6 Summary
5 DI anti-patterns
5.1 Control Freak
5.1.1 Example: Control Freak through newing up Dependencies
5.1.2 Example: Control Freak through factories
5.1.3 Example: Control Freak through overloaded constructors
5.1.4 Analysis of Control Freak
5.2 Service Locator
5.2.1 Example: ProductService using a Service Locator
5.2.2 Analysis of Service Locator
5.3 Ambient Context
5.3.1 Example: Accessing time through Ambient Context
5.3.2 Example: Logging through Ambient Context
5.3.3 Analysis of Ambient Context
5.4 Constrained Construction
5.4.1 Example: late-binding a ProductRepository
5.4.2 Analysis of Constrained Construction
5.5 Summary
6 Code smells
6.1 Dealing with the Constructor Over-injection code smell
6.1.1 Recognizing Constructor Over-injection
6.1.2 Refactoring from Constructor Over-injection to Facade Services
6.1.3 Refactoring from Constructor Over-injection to domain events
6.2 Abuse of Abstract Factories
6.2.1 Abusing Abstract Factories to overcome lifetime problems
6.2.2 Abusing Abstract Factories to select Dependencies based on runtime data
6.3 Fixing cyclic Dependencies
6.3.1 Example: Dependency cycle caused by an SRP violation
6.3.2 Analysis of Mary’s Dependency cycle
6.3.3 Refactoring from SRP violations to resolve the Dependency cycle
6.3.4 Common strategies for breaking Dependency cycles
6.3.5 Last resort: breaking the cycle with Property Injection
6.4 Summary
Part 3: Pure DI
7 Application composition
7.1 Composing console applications
7.1.1 Example: updating currencies using the UpdateCurrency program
7.1.2 Building the Composition Root of the UpdateCurrency program
7.1.3 Composing object graphs in CreateCurrencyParser
7.1.4 A closer look at the UpdateCurrency program’s layering
7.2 Composing UWP applications
7.2.1 UWP composition
7.2.2 Example: wiring up a product-management rich client
7.2.3 Implementing the Composition Root in the UWP application
7.3 Composing ASP.NET Core MVC applications
7.3.1 Creating a custom controller activator
7.3.2 Constructing custom middleware components using Pure DI
7.4 Summary
8 Object lifetime
8.1 Managing Dependency Lifetime
8.1.1 Introducing Lifetime Management
8.1.2 Managing lifetime with Pure DI
8.2 Working with disposable Dependencies
8.2.1 Consuming disposable Dependencies
8.2.2 Managing disposable Dependencies
8.3 Lifestyle catalog
8.3.1 Using the Singleton Lifestyle to reuse instances for the lifetime of a Composer
8.3.2 Using the Transient Lifestyle to return a new instance on every request
8.3.3 Using the Scoped Lifestyle to share instances within a single well-defined scope
8.4 Bad Lifestyle choices
8.4.1 Captive Dependencies: keeping Dependencies referenced beyond their expected lifetime
8.4.2 Using Leaky Abstractions to leak Lifestyle choices to consumers
8.4.3 Causing concurrency bugs by tying instances to the lifetime of a thread
8.5 Summary
9 Interception
9.1 Introducing Interception
9.1.1 Decorator design pattern
9.1.2 Example: implementing auditing using a Decorator
9.2 Implementing Cross-Cutting Concerns
9.2.1 Intercepting with a Circuit Breaker
9.2.2 Reporting exceptions to the user using the Decorator pattern
9.2.3 Preventing unauthorized access to sensitive functionality using a Decorator
9.3 Summary
10 Aspect-Oriented Programming by design
10.1 Introducing AOP
10.2 SOLID principles
10.2.1 Single Responsibility Principle (SRP)
10.2.2 Open/Closed Principle (OCP)
10.2.3 Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP)
10.2.4 Interface Segregation Principle (ISP)
10.2.5 Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP)
10.2.6 SOLID principles and Interception
10.3 SOLID as a driver for AOP
10.3.1 Example: Implementing product-related features using IProductService
10.3.2 Analysis of IProductService from the perspective of SOLID
10.3.3 Improving the design by applying SOLID principles step-by-step
10.3.4 Adding more Cross-Cutting Concerns
10.3.5 Conclusion
10.4 Summary
11 Tool-based Aspect-Oriented Programming
11.1 Dynamic Interception
11.1.1 Example: Interception with Castle Dynamic Proxy
11.1.2 Analysis of dynamic Interception
11.2 Compile-time weaving
11.2.1 Example: applying a transaction aspect using compile-time weaving
11.2.2 Analysis of compile-time weaving
11.3 Summary
Part 4: DI Containers
12 DI Container introduction
12.1 Introducing DI Containers
12.1.1 Exploring the containers' Resolve API
12.1.2 Auto-Wiring
12.1.3 Example: Implementing a simplistic DI Container that supports Auto-Wiring
12.2 Configuring DI Containers
12.2.1 Configuring containers with configuration files
12.2.2 Configuring containers using Configuration as Code
12.2.3 Configuring containers by convention using Auto-Registration
12.2.4 Mixing and matching configuration approaches
12.3 When to use a DI Container
12.3.1 Using third-party libraries involves costs and risks
12.3.2 Pure DI gives a shorter feedback cycle
12.3.3 The verdict: when to use a DI Container
12.4 Summary
13 The Autofac DI Container
13.1 Introducing Autofac
13.1.1 Resolving objects
13.1.2 Configuring the ContainerBuilder
13.2 Managing lifetime
13.2.1 Configuring instance scopes
13.2.2 Releasing components
13.3 Registering difficult APIs
13.3.1 Configuring primitive Dependencies
13.3.2 Registering objects with code blocks
13.4 Working with multiple components
13.4.1 Selecting among multiple candidates
13.4.2 Wiring sequences
13.4.3 Wiring Decorators
13.4.4 Wiring Composites
13.5 Summary
14 The Simple Injector DI Container
14.1 Introducing Simple Injector
14.1.1 Resolving objects
14.1.2 Configuring the Container
14.2 Managing lifetime
14.2.1 Configuring Lifestyles
14.2.2 Releasing components
14.2.3 Ambient scopes
14.2.4 Diagnosing the container for common lifetime problems
14.3 Registering difficult APIs
14.3.1 Configuring primitive Dependencies
14.3.2 Extracting primitive Dependencies to Parameter Objects
14.3.3 Registering objects with code blocks
14.4 Working with multiple components
14.4.1 Selecting among multiple candidates
14.4.2 Wiring sequences
14.4.3 Wiring Decorators
14.4.4 Wiring Composites
14.4.5 Sequences are streams
14.5 Summary
15 The Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection DI Container
15.1 Introducing Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection (MS.DI)
15.1.1 Resolving objects
15.1.2 Configuring the ServiceCollection
15.2 Managing lifetime
15.2.1 Configuring Lifestyles
15.2.2 Releasing components
15.3 Registering difficult APIs
15.3.1 Configuring primitive Dependencies
15.3.2 Extracting primitive Dependencies to Parameter Objects
15.3.3 Registering objects with code blocks
15.4 Working with multiple components
15.4.1 Selecting among multiple candidates
15.4.2 Wiring sequences
15.4.3 Wiring Decorators
15.4.4 Wiring Composites
15.5 Summary
About the Technology
Dependency Injection is an application design pattern where components are loosely-coupled with the objects or data on which they have a dependency. The dependent component broadcasts its need, and an external service composes the objects, or "injects" the "dependency". This basic pattern allows objects to work together without being bound into rigid, pre-defined architectures and communication. Dependency Injection has become one of the most dominant practices in the past decade, and it's now required knowledge for .NET developers.
What's inside
- DI patterns and anti-patterns
- Aspect-oriented programming
- Integration with common .NET application frameworks
- Using Microsoft and open source DI libraries and containers
About the reader
This book is written for intermediate .NET developers and beyond. No previous experience with DI or DI libraries is required.
About the authors
.NET legend Mark Seemann has teamed up with developer and architect Steven van Deursen in revising and updating this classic book originally written by Mark. Steven is the author and maintainer of a popular DI library for .NET called Simple Injector and is an active voice in the Dependency Injection community. Mark Seemann remains a regular speaker at international software development conferences.
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This must be the deepest and clearest explanation about what Dependency Injection is and is not, how it works, and how it should be applied.
This book is a masterpiece. It's amazing, it's fundamental for every software developer that wants to write solid and correct code. This should be read by all developers, not only the ones working on .NET.