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A perfect introduction to the subject, with a hands on approach.
GitOps and Kubernetes introduces a radical idea—managing your infrastructure with the same Git pull requests you use to manage your codebase. In this in-depth tutorial, you’ll learn to operate infrastructures based on powerful-but-complex technologies such as Kubernetes with the same Git version control tools most developers use daily. With these GitOps techniques and best practices, you’ll accelerate application development without compromising on security, easily roll back infrastructure changes, and seamlessly introduce new team members to your automation process.
About the Technology
The tools to monitor and manage software delivery and deployment can be complex to set up and intimidating to learn, especially when you apply them to applications deployed using Docker and Kubernetes. Imagine instead of managing your entire Kubernetes infrastructure with Git pull requests! What might at first sound ridiculous is quickly becoming one of the most reliable ways to do Continuous Delivery. Dubbed “GitOps”, this new method uses Git as the “single source of truth” and allows you to manage your infrastructure as a codebase, just like you manage application code. Using declarative tools such as Kubernetes for automating deployment and scaling, GitOps gives you a single control interface, making it easy to assess and roll back changes.
About the book
GitOps and Kubernetes is half reference, half practical tutorial for operating Kubernetes the GitOps way. You’ll learn the GitOps best practices, techniques, and tools that simplify using Kubernetes to deliver enterprise-scale software faster, all without compromising on security. Through fast-paced chapters, you’ll unlock the benefits of GitOps for flexible configuration management, monitoring, robustness, multi-environment support, and discover tricks and tips for managing secrets in the unique GitOps fashion. When you’re done, you’ll be able to implement and manage a scalable Continuous Delivery pipeline that makes it easy to trace changes, rollback mistakes, and clearly validate and audit container deployments.
Table of Contents takes you straight to the bookdetailed table of contents
Part 1: Background
1 Why GitOps?
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 Who this book is for
1.1.2 Who this book is not for
1.1.3 How to use this book
1.2 Evolution to GitOps
1.2.1 Traditional Ops
1.2.2 DevOps
1.2.3 GitOps
1.3 Developer Benefits of GitOps
1.3.1 Infrastructure as Code
1.3.2 Self-Service
1.3.3 Code Reviews
1.3.4 Git Pull Requests
1.4 Operational Benefits of GitOps
1.4.1 Declarative
1.4.2 Observability
1.4.3 Auditability & Compliance
1.4.4 Disaster Recovery
1.4.5 Rollback
1.5 Summary
2 Kubernetes & GitOps
2.1 Kubernetes Introduction
2.1.1 What Is Kubernetes?
2.1.3 Other Container Orchestrators
2.1.4 Kubernetes Architecture
2.1.4 Deploying to Kubernetes
2.2 Declarative vs Imperative Object Management
2.2.1 How Declarative Configuration Works
2.3 Controller Architecture
2.3.1 Controller Delegation
2.3.2 Controller Pattern
2.3.3 NGINX Operator
2.4 Kubernetes + GitOps
2.5 Getting Started with CI/CD
2.5.1 Basic GitOps Operator
2.5.2 Continuous Integration Pipeline
2.6 Summary
Part 2: Patterns & Processes
3 Environment Management
3.1 Introduction to Environment Management
3.1.1 Components of an environment
3.1.2 Namespace Management
3.1.3 Network isolation
3.1.4 Preprod and Prod Clusters
3.2 Git Strategies
3.2.1 Single branch (multiple directories)
3.2.2 Multiple branches
3.2.3 Multiple repos vs Monorepo
3.3 Configuration Management
3.3.1 Helm
3.3.2 Kustomize
3.3.3 Jsonnet
3.3.4 Configuration Management Summary
3.4 Durable vs. Ephemeral Environments
3.5 Summary
4 Pipelines
4.1 Stages in CI/CD Pipelines
4.1.1 GitOps Continuous Integration
4.1.2 GitOps Continuous Delivery
4.2 How to drive promotions
4.2.1 Code vs. Manifest vs. App Config
4.2.2 Code and Image promotion
4.2.3 Environment promotion
4.2.4 Putting it all together
4.3 Other pipelines
4.3.1 Rollback
4.3.2 Compliance Pipeline
4.4 Summary
5 Deployment Strategies
5.1 Deployment Basics
5.1.1 Why ReplicaSet is NOT a good fit for GitOps
5.1.2 How Deployment works with ReplicaSets
5.1.3 Traffic Routing
5.1.4 Configure minikube for other strategies
5.2 Blue-Green
5.2.1 Blue-Green with Deployment
5.2.2 Blue-Green with Argo Rollouts
5.3 Canary
5.3.1 Canary with Deployment
5.3.2 Canary with Argo Rollouts
5.4 Progressive Delivery
5.4.1 Progressive Delivery with Argo Rollouts
5.5 Summary
Part 3: Advanced Topics
6 Access Control & Security
6.1 Introduction to Access Control
6.1.1 What is Access Control?
6.1.2 What to Secure?
6.1.3 Access control in GitOps
6.2 Access Limitations
6.2.1 Git repository access
6.2.2 Kubernetes RBAC
6.2.3 Image Registry Access
6.3 Patterns
6.3.1 Full access
6.3.2 Deployment Repo Access
6.3.3 Code access only
6.4 Security Concerns
6.4.1 Prevent Image Pull from Untrusted Registries
6.4.2 Cluster Level Resources in Git Repository
6.4.3 Prevent Opening External Cluster Access
6.5 Summary
7 Secrets
8 Observability
Part 4: Tools
9 Argo CD
9.1 What is Argo CD?
9.1.1 Main use cases
9.1.2 Core Concepts
9.1.3 Architecture
9.2 Deploy your first application
9.2.1 Deploying the first application
9.2.2 Inspect application using user interface
9.3 Deep dive into Argo CD features
9.3.1 GitOps driven deployment
9.3.2 Resource Hooks
9.3.3 Post-deployment verification
9.4 Enterprise features
9.4.1 Single sign-on
9.4.2 Access control
9.5 Summary
10 Jenkins X
10.1 What Is Jenkins X?
10.2 Exploring Prow, Jenkins X Pipeline Operator, And Tekton
10.3 Importing Projects Into Jenkins X
10.3.1 Importing A Project
10.3.2 Promoting A Release To The Production Environment
10.4 Summary
11 Flux
Appendixes
Appendix A: Setup a Test Kubernetes Cluster
A.1 Prerequisites for working with Kubernetes
A.2 Install minikube and create a cluster
A.3 Create a GKE cluster in GCP
A.4 Create an EKS cluster in AWS
Appendix B: Setup GitOps tools
B.1 Install Argo CD
B.2 Install Jenkins X
B.2.1 Prerequisites
B.2.2 Installing Jenkins X In Kubernetes Cluster
What's inside
- Multiple-environments management with branching, namespace, and configuration
- Access Control with Git, Kubernetes, and Pipeline
- Using Kubernetes with Argo CD, JenkinsX, and Flux
- Multi-step deployment strategies like Blue-Green, Canary in a declarative GitOps model
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