Netty in Action
The first-ever book on Netty ... shows how to build a high-performance, low-latency network application.
Introduces the Netty framework and shows you how to incorporate it into your Java network applications. You'll learn to write highly scalable applications without the need to dive into the low-level non-blocking APIs at the core of Java.
Table of Contents detailed table of contents
foreword
preface
acknowledgments
about this book
about the authors
author online
about the cover illustration
Part 1 NETTY CONCEPTS AND ARCHITECTURE
1. Netty—asynchronous and event-driven
1.1. Networking in Java
1.1.1. Java NIO
1.1.2. Selectors
1.2. Introducing Netty
1.2.1. Who uses Netty?
1.2.2. Asynchronous and event-driven
1.3. Netty’s Core Components
1.3.1. Channels
1.3.2. Callbacks
1.3.3. Futures
1.3.4. Events and handlers
1.3.5. Putting it all together
1.4. Summary
2. Your first Netty application
2.1. Setting up the development environment
2.1.1. Obtaining and installing the Java Development Kit
2.1.2. Downloading and installing an IDE
2.1.3. Downloading and installing Apache Maven
2.1.4. Configuring the toolset
2.2. Netty client / server overview
2.3. Writing the Echo server
2.3.1. ChannelHandlers and business logic
2.3.2. Bootstrapping the server
2.4. Writing an Echo client
2.4.1. Implementing the client logic with ChannelHandlers
2.4.2. Bootstrapping the client
2.5. Building and running the Echo Server and Client
2.5.1. Running the build
2.5.2. Running the Echo Server and Client
2.6. Summary
3. Netty components and design
3.1. Channel, EventLoop and ChannelFuture
3.1.1. Interface Channel
3.1.2. Interface EventLoop
3.1.3. Interface ChannelFuture
3.2. ChannelHandler and ChannelPipeline
3.2.1. Interface ChannelHandler
3.2.2. Interface ChannelPipeline
3.2.3. A closer look at ChannelHandlers
3.2.4. Encoders and Decoders
3.2.5. Abstract class SimpleChannelInboundHandler
3.3. Bootstrapping
3.4. Summary
4. Transports
4.1. Case study: transport migration
4.1.1. Using I/O and NIO without Netty
4.1.2. Using I/O and NIO with Netty
4.1.3. Non-blocking Netty version
4.2. Transport API
4.3. Included transports
4.3.1. NIO - Nonblocking I/O
4.3.2. Epoll - Native Non-blocking Transport for Linux
4.3.3. OIO - Old blocking I/O
4.3.4. Local transport for communication within a JVM
4.3.5. Embedded transport
4.4. Transport use cases
4.5. Summary
5. ByteBuf
5.1. The ByteBuf API
5.2. Class ByteBuf - Netty’s data container
5.2.1. How it works
5.2.2. ByteBuf usage patterns
5.3. Byte-level operations
5.3.1. Random access indexing
5.3.2. Sequential access indexing
5.3.3. Discardable bytes
5.3.4. Readable bytes
5.3.5. Writable bytes
5.3.6. Index management
5.3.7. Search operations
5.3.8. Derived buffers
5.3.9. Read/write operations
5.3.10. More operations
5.4. Interface ByteBufHolder
5.5. ByteBuf allocation
5.5.1. On-demand: interface ByteBufAllocator
5.5.2. Unpooled buffers
5.5.3. Class ByteBufUtil
5.6. Reference counting
5.7. Summary
6. ChannelHandler and ChannelPipeline
6.1. The ChannelHandler family
6.1.1. The Channel lifecycle
6.1.2. The ChannelHandler lifecycle
6.1.3. Interface ChannelInboundHandler
6.1.4. Interface ChannelOutboundHandler
6.1.5. ChannelHandler adapters
6.1.6. Resource Management
6.2. Interface ChannelPipeline
6.2.1. Modifying a ChannelPipeline
6.2.2. Firing events
6.3. Interface ChannelHandlerContext
6.3.1. Using ChannelHandlerContext
6.3.2. Advanced usages of ChannelHandler and ChannelHandlerContext
6.4. Exception handling
6.4.1. Handling inbound exceptions
6.4.2. Handling outbound exceptions
6.5. Summary
7. EventLoop and threading Model
7.1. Threading model overview
7.2. The EventLoop
7.2.1. I/O and event handling in Netty 4
7.2.2. I/O operations in Netty 3
7.3. Task scheduling
7.3.1. JDK scheduling API
7.3.2. Scheduling tasks using EventLoop
7.4. Implementation details
7.4.1. Thread management
7.4.2. EventLoop / Thread Allocation
7.5. Summary
8. Bootstrapping
8.1. Bootstrap classes
8.2. Bootstrapping clients and connectionless protocols
8.2.1. Bootstrapping a client
8.2.2. Channel and EventLoopGroup compatibility
8.3. Bootstrapping servers
8.3.1. The ServerBootstrap class
8.3.2. Bootstrapping a server
8.4. Bootstrapping clients from a Channel
8.5. Adding multiple ChannelHandlers during a bootstrap
8.6. Using Netty ChannelOptions and attributes
8.7. Bootstrapping DatagramChannels
8.8. Shutdown
8.9. Summary
9. Unit Testing
9.1. Overview of EmbeddedChannel
9.2. Testing ChannelHandler
9.2.1. Testing inbound messages
9.2.2. Testing outbound messages
9.3. Testing exception handling
9.4. Summary
Part 2 CODECS
10. The codec framework
10.1. What is a codec?
10.2. Decoders
10.2.1. Abstract class ByteToMessageDecoder
10.2.2. Abstract class ReplayingDecoder
10.2.3. Abstract class MessageToMessageDecoder
10.2.4. Class TooLongFrameException
10.3. Encoders
10.3.1. Abstract class MessageToByteEncoder
10.3.2. Abstract class MessageToMessageEncoder
10.4. Abstract Codec classes
10.4.1. Abstract class ByteToMessageCodec
10.4.2. Abstract MessageToMessageCodec
10.4.3. Class CombinedChannelDuplexHandler
10.5. Summary
11. Provided ChannelHandlers and codecs
11.1. Securing Netty applications with SSL/TLS
11.2. Building Netty HTTP/HTTPS applications
11.2.1. HTTP decoder, encoder, and codec
11.2.2. HTTP message aggregation
11.2.3. HTTP compression
11.2.4. Using HTTPS
11.2.5. WebSocket
11.3. Idle Connections and Timeouts
11.4. Decoding delimited and length-based protocols
11.4.1. Delimited protocols
11.4.2. Length-based protocols
11.5. Writing big data
11.6. Serializing data
11.6.1. JDK Serialization
11.6.2. Serialization with JBoss Marshalling
11.6.3. Serialization via Protocol Buffers
11.7. Summary
Part 3 NETWORK PROTOCOLS
12. Web Sockets
12.1. Introducing WebSocket
12.2. Our example WebSockets application
12.3. Adding WebSockets support
12.3.1. Handling HTTP requests
12.3.2. Handling WebSocket frames
12.3.3. Initializing the ChannelPipeline
12.3.4. Bootstrapping
12.4. Testing the application
12.4.1. What about encryption?
12.5. Summary
13. Broadcasting Events with UDP
13.1. UDP basics
13.2. UDP broadcast
13.3. The UDP sample application
13.4. The message POJO: LogEvent
13.5. Writing the broadcaster
13.6. Writing the monitor
13.7. Running the LogEventBroadcaster and LogEventMonitor
13.8. Summary
Part 4 CASE STUDIES
14. Case studies, part 1
14.1. Droplr - building mobile services
14.1.1. How it all started
14.1.2. How Droplr works
14.1.3. Creating a faster upload experience
14.1.4. The technology stack
14.1.5. Performance
14.1.6. Summary - standing on the shoulders of giants
14.2. Firebase - a real-time data synchronization service
14.2.1. The Firebase architecture
14.2.2. Long polling
14.2.3. HTTP 1.1 keep-alive and pipelining
14.2.4. Control of SSL handler
14.2.5. Firebase Summary
14.3. Urban Airship - building mobile services
14.3.1. Basics of mobile messaging
14.3.2. Third-party delivery
14.3.3. Binary protocol example
14.3.4. Direct to device delivery
14.3.5. Netty excels at managing large numbers of concurrent connections
14.3.6. Summary - Beyond the perimiter of the Ffirewall
14.4. Summary
15. Case Studies, Part 2
15.1. Netty at Facebook: Nifty and Swift
15.1.1. What is Thrift?
15.1.2. Improving the state of Java Thrift using Netty
15.1.3. Nifty server design
15.1.4. Nifty asynchronous client design
15.1.5. Swift: A faster way to build Java Thrift service
15.1.6. Results
15.1.7. Facebook Summary
15.2. Netty at Twitter: Finagle
15.2.1. Twitter’s growing pains
15.2.2. The birth of Finagle
15.2.3. How Finagle works
15.3. Finagle’s abstraction
15.3.1. Failure management
15.3.2. Composing services
15.4. The future: Netty
15.4.1. Twitter Summary
15.5. Summary
Appendixes
Appendix A: Introduction to Maven
A.1. What is Maven?
A.1.1. Installing and configuring Maven
A.1.2. Basic Maven concepts
A.2. POM examples
A.2.1. A Project POM
A.2.2. POM inheritance and aggregation
A.3. Maven command-line arguments
A.4. Summary
About the Technology
Netty is a Java-based networking framework that manages complex networking, multithreading, and concurrency for your applications. And Netty hides the boilerplate and low-level code, keeping your business logic separate and easier to reuse. With Netty, you get an easy-to-use API, leaving you free to focus on what?s unique to your application.
About the book
Netty in Action introduces the Netty framework and shows you how to incorporate it into your Java network applications. You will discover how to write highly scalable applications without getting into low-level APIs. The book teaches you to think in an asynchronous way as you work through its many hands-on examples and helps you master the best practices of building large-scale network apps.What's inside
- Netty from the ground up
- Asynchronous, event-driven programming
- Implementing services using different protocols
- Covers Netty 4.x
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High-performance Java network stacks—covered from concepts to best practices.
The most comprehensive content for getting the most out of Netty.
An excellent overview of the Netty framework. Highly recommended to anyone doing performance-sensitive network I/O work in Java.