Elm is more than just a cutting-edge programming language, it's a chance to upgrade the way you think about building web applications. Once you get comfortable with Elm's refreshingly different approach to application development, you'll be working with a clean syntax, dependable libraries, and a delightful compiler that essentially eliminates runtime exceptions. Elm compiles to JavaScript, so your code runs in any browser, and Elm's best-in-class rendering speed will knock your socks off. Let's get started!
Elm in Action teaches you how to build well-designed, highly performant web applications using the Elm language. As you read, you'll follow an application called Photo Groove that will show you how to structure your application's domain and behavior, how to maintain a pleasantly modular architecture, and how to deliver a quality product using the Elm language. Along the way, you'll learn how to interact smoothly with browser functionality, servers, and JavaScript libraries, as well and picking up a few tricks for building fluid, intuitive user experiences. If you're new to functional programming, you'll also gain a practical understanding of techniques that will make you a better developer no matter what you're writing!
Part 1: Getting Started
1. Welcome to Elm
1.1. How Elm Fits In
1.2. Expressions
1.2.1. Using elm repl
1.2.2. Building Expressions
1.2.3. Booleans and Conditionals
1.3. Functions
1.3.1. Defining Functions
1.3.2. Importing Functions
1.3.3. Creating scope with let-expressions
1.3.4. Anonymous Functions
1.3.5. Operators
1.4. Collections
1.4.1. Lists
1.4.2. Records
1.4.3. Tuples
1.5. Summary
2. Your First Elm Application
2.1. Rendering a Page
2.1.1. Describing a page using the Html Module
2.1.2. Building a Project
2.2. Handling User Input with the Elm Architecture
2.2.1. Representing Application State with a Model
2.2.2. Handling Events with Messages and Updates
2.3. Summary
3. Compiler as Assistant
3.1. Documenting Guarantees with Type Annotations
3.1.1. Adding Optional Type Annotations
3.1.2. Annotating Functions with Type Variables
3.1.3. Reusing Annotations with Type Aliases
3.1.4. Annotating Longer Functions
3.2. Case-expressions and Custom types
3.2.1. Using case-expressions
3.2.2. Enumerating possibilities with Custom types
3.2.3. Holding Data in Custom Types
3.2.4. Representing Flexible Messages with Custom types
3.3. Generating Random Numbers with Commands
3.3.1. Describing Random Values with Random.Generator
3.3.2. Introducing Commands to the Elm Architecture
3.3.3. Generating Random Values with Random.generate
3.4. Summary
Part 2: Production-Grade Elm
4. Talking to Servers
4.1. Preparing for Server-Loaded Data
4.1.1. Modeling Incremental Initialization
4.1.2. Resolving Data Dependencies
4.2. Fetching Data from a Server
4.2.1. Describing HTTP Requests
4.2.2. Handling HTTP Responses
4.2.3. Sending HTTP Requests
4.2.4. Gracefully Handling Errors
4.3. Decoding JSON
4.3.1. Decoding JSON Strings into Results
4.3.2. Decoding JSON Collections
4.3.3. Decoding JSON HTTP Responses
4.4. Summary
5. Talking to JavaScript
5.1. Using Custom Elements
5.1.1. Importing Custom Elements
5.1.2. Handling Custom Events
5.1.3. Responding to Slider Changes
5.2. Sending Data to JavaScript
5.2.1. Creating a Command using a Port
5.2.2. Receiving Data from Elm
5.2.3. Timing DOM Updates
5.3. Receiving Data from JavaScript
5.3.1. Receiving realtime data from JavaScript via Ports
5.3.2. Receiving initialization arguments via Flags
5.4. Summary
6. Testing
6.1. Writing Unit Tests
6.1.1. Introducing Tests
6.1.2. Unit Testing a JSON Decoder
6.1.3. Narrowing Test Scope
6.2. Writing Fuzz Tests
6.2.1. Converting Unit Tests to Fuzz Tests
6.2.2. Testing update functions
6.3. Testing Views
6.3.1. Testing DOM Structure
6.3.2. Fuzzing View Tests
6.3.3. Testing User Interactions
6.4. Summary
7. Data Modeling
7.1. Storing values by keys in Dictionaries
7.1.1. Setting up the Page
7.1.2. Storing Photos by URL in a Dictionary
7.2. Modeling Trees using Recursive Union Types
7.2.1. Defining Trees using union types
7.2.2. Recursive messages
7.2.3. Event handlers with recursive messages
7.3. Decoding Graphs and Trees
7.3.1. Decoding Dictionaries
7.3.2. Decoding recursive JSON
7.3.3. Accumulating while Decoding
7.4. Summary
Part 3: Building Bigger
8. Single-Page Applications
9. Scaling Elm Code
10. Performance Optimization
Appendixes
Appendix A: Getting Set Up
What's inside
- Getting started with the Elm language
- Scalable design for production web applications
- Single-page applications in Elm
- Testing your applications
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