Tony Holdroyd has a master’s degree in computer science with postgraduate work in mathematics and shares his expertise in those subjects as a retired senior lecturer. Before retiring, he specialized in researching and teaching programming languages and led a number of teams that won significant contracts for degree-level courses from several educational institutions in the UK. Since retiring, he’s worked as a technical reviewer and beta-tester for a variety of major U.S. publishers, as well as being a published author in the machine learning space.