A
ACCEPT 117
access,gaining 153
to experts 199
leased versus switched 149
to long-distance networks 140-142
and restrictions 269
to senior executives 280
accountability 66
accounting 275
active listening 69
ad-hoc
legal teams 101
meetings 10
meetings and office design 10
ADSL 153, 249
compared with HDLS for personal videoconferencing 155
Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) 184
advertising 263
African Caribbean National Association Centre 94
agenda, the need for,
and personal videoconferencing 39
Alcoa 10
flexible office design 10
O'Neill, Paul 10
algorithms 124, 158, 178
See also compression
Allied Signal Aerospace 26
Pickar, Ken 26, 42, 62, 168, 204
Alpha Systems Lab
Mega-Conference 75
ALTO 213
Amati Corporation 154
America Online
Health Forum survey 11
VDOnet 159
virtual places 159
American Diabetes Association 10
American Express 6
American Film Institute 111
American Psychologist 61
Ameritech 30
Amoco Corporation 92
Beering, David 221
Jesson, Joe 87, 92, 274
Williams, Carl 274
analog 140
compared with digital 123
conversion of, to digital 123, 147
local loop 147-156
Andersen Center for Strategic Consulting
Connelly, Dave 41
Andersen Consulting
Center for Strategic Technology 204
Connolly, David 228
Davinci program 204
Andersen Worldwide 27
Professional Development Center 28
Squires, Susan E. 28-29
Traut, Christine 27, 28, 48, 53, 65, 90, 239, 255, 256, 259, 275, 277, 281
use of ProShare 90
Schrader, Thomas O. 28
study of video value 28-29, 200
answering machines 16
appearance 279
Apple Computer 163, 172
Advanced Technology Group 26
Apple Media Conference 180
Blackketter, Dean 180
Calvo, Ramiro 180
Casanova, Frank 26
Elroy 180
and Fire Wire 130
Hoffert, Eric 179, 213, 225
Movie Talk 180
Newton 254
Perey, Christine 213, 225
personal videoconferencing history 179
QuickTime Conferencing 89, 94, 95, 110, 112, 158, 179, 213, 225
Road Pizza 180
video compressor 180
videoconferencing over Ethernet 213
Warhol 180
Apple Video Compressor 180
application sharing 26, 32, 60, 267
defined 32
and groupware 182
applications 204, 233
daycare 242
department specific 189, 195
divorce 243
emergency management 256
home 233
home schooling 250
911(emergency) 249
problem resolution 260
recruitment 247
remote game playing 242
remote gift giving 242
strategic planning 274
surveillance 250
video banking 262
Applied Business Telecommunications 21
Applied Communication Concepts
Zartarian, Sarkis 37, 194, 238, 259, 264
Aptiva 183
architecture
and desktop videoconferencing 66
and personal videoconferencing 40
Argyll and Bute 96
Arizona 15, 115
Phoenix 74
Arkansas 244
Armstrong, Neil 272
Arnold, White & Durkee 35
Elacqua, Jim 43, 65, 71, 100
Ascom Nexion 216
Asia 260
Astrophysical Research Consortium 97
asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) 153, 236
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) 150, 212
See also ATM
AT&T 30, 75, 138, 183
ADSL 154
AVP processor 171
Bell Laboratories 37, 47, 128, 166
camcorder use with Vistium 75
and CLI 178
DeNigris, Ernie 140, 172, 196, 206
Global Information Solutions 171
history 166-182
Intel 183
and ISDN 142
Ives, Herbert 166
long distance network 140
Multipoint Control Unit 171
1964 World's Fair xvii, 167
100VG-AnyLAN 215
Paradyne 154
Picturephone xvii, 18, 74
AT&T (continued)
and PictureTel 175
and Silicon Graphics 225
telecommuting 246
Telemedia 171
trivestiture 8
VideoPhone 2500 171
Vistium 85, 89, 98, 105, 114, 171, 262
WorldWorx services 37, 171, 196, 206
AT&T Bell Laboratories
Boyce, Willard 128
Haisch, Fred 171
Hoffert, Eric 179
Horzepa, Joe 74
Molnar, Julius 171
Molnar, Julius P. 47
Picturephone 47
Smith, George 128
AT&T Laboratories
Ford, G.A. 37
Haisch, Fred 46
AT&T Microelectronics. See Lucent Technologies Microelectronics
ATM 40, 150, 219
ATM Forum 222
and cable modems 153
and corporate networks 220
drawbacks 221
and First Virtual Corporation 221
and the LAN 220
and LAN Emulation 220
Northrop Grumman 221
Pacific Bell 151
and personal videoconferencing 150, 220
public networkers 220
Quality of Service 151
Forum 222
ATR Communications Systems
eye contact solutions 50
audio
annotation 173
tolerance for delays 213
Australia 107
auto answer 206
Automated Post Office 30
automobile, impact of, 269
AVP processor 127, 171
B
Backdrop 282
balance of work and family 8, 18
bandwidth 139-164, 212, 219, 265, 268
availability of 141
broad 152
and cable 232
and compression 123
defined 141
guaranteed 221
insufficient 162
scalability 158
and video quality 141
bandwidth-on-demand 150
Interoperability Group 144
Bank Administration Institute 249
Bank of Boston
Scullen, Stephen 85, 99, 275, 279, 281
Bankers Trust
Rozinsky, Saul 125
banking 192, 248, 263
Citibank 106
customer demographics 106
Huntington Bancshares 105
NationsBank 115
obsolute branches 262
on-line 258
video 262
video kiosks 258
virtual branches 258
banking/finance 221
Barlow, John 47
Basic Assembly 170
Basic Telecommunication Access 170
Bassett Healthcare 98
Gorman, Martha 98, 191, 279
Bay Area Gigabit user group
and ATM 151
Bay Networks
ATM 221
and First Virtual Corporation 223
Slaby, James 221
BCR Enterprises 21
Belgium 75
Bell Atlantic 152
Bell Communications Research 153
Bell Laboratories 154
eye contact solutions 50
first 2-way video telephony demo 166
Bell Laboratories Record 47, 166, 171
Bell System Technical Journal 168
Bellcore 54
Fish, Robert 55
home videoconferencing use study 233
Kraut, Robert 55
Root, Robert 55
study of video quality satisfaction 49
The Gallary 56
Bellcore's Cruiser 55-57
Beneficial Corporation 104
Best Buy 104
Bill of Rights 23
board 111
body language 27, 61, 270, 278, 279
Boeing 78, 80, 208
change board 193
implementation 193
laptop videoconferencing 256
Sollars, Ray 80, 193, 196, 208, 221
BRI 143
bricks and mortar, no longer required 93
bridging services 32, 209
British embassies and consulates 117
British Telecom 117
Gray, Mike 84
telecommuting trial using desktop videoconferencing 83
Broadband ISDN 220
Brokaw, Tom 177
BT VC8000 84, 96
BT Laboratories
Centre for Human Communications 50
eye contact solutions 50
"View Through the Screen" 51
bursty data 212
bus
coprocessor 129
ISA 129
local 129
PCI 129
VESA 129
business
changing skills 272
decrease in formality 266
development 115
global 258
knowledge-based 256
partners 208
and personal videoconferencing 253-270
relationship-based 256, 275
skills 277, 280
small 258
Business Communications Review
Schrage, Michael 264
C
Cable 181
companies 232
and home videoconferencing 237
modems 140, 153, 236-238
limited upstream bandwidth 232
video phone service 237
networks 225
television 46, 136, 140, 232
competition with phone companies 152
California 93, 115, 151, 160, 245, 247
Aliso Viejo 79
Century City 54
Corte Madera 247
Dana Hills 17
high cost of living 86
Lake Tahoe 255
Long Beach 80
Los Angeles 110, 244
Moffett Field 273
Mountain View 30, 78, 86
Newport Beach 107
Office of Traffic Safety 246
Palo Alto 41, 54, 101, 204
Public Utilities Commission 152
Redwood City 17
Sacramento 114
San Diego 91, 115
San Francisco 66, 67, 74, 95, 111, 112, 152, 159, 200
California (continued)
San Jose 108
San Ramon 137
Santa Clara 47
Santa Monica 66, 111
Superintendent of Public Instruction 114
Supreme Court 11
Vallejo 114
Videssence 283
Woodland Hills 75
call forwarding 181
Caller ID 65, 160, 181, 248
Cameo. See CLI
camera angles 69
cameras 122
charge-coupled device 128
Canada, Calgary 86
CAP 154
career xxiv, 273
advancement 281
carrier 142
Carrierless Amplitude Phase Modulation 154
casual encounters
value in business 27
Category 3 wire 215
Category 5 wire 221
Caterpillar 75
Moushon, Kristi 76, 280
CAVECAT 57
CCD
Boyce, Willard 128
cameras
and compression 127
Nalwa, Vic 129
panoramic viewer 129
Smith, George 128
CCITT 133, 142
C-Cube Microsystems
codec chip 127
VideoRISC 2 127
CDDI 216
CD-ROM 255
cells, ATM 151
cellular
phone 255
video 255
Center for Astrophysical Research in Antarctica (CARA) 97
Center for the New West 15
central offices (CO) 142, 143, 146-147
CEO
buy-in 194
change
adapting to, 285
change agent 277
channel capacity 150
charge-coupled device (CCD) 128
child support 242
China 136
chip companies 14
Chromatic Research
Holt, David 86
Loeliger, Jon 67, 242, 247
Mpact media engine 127
multi-function multimedia chip 127
Chrysler 111
Church Street Station 163
Circuit Switched Digital Networks (CSDN)
and T.120 134
circuit-switched 150
Cisco Systems 224
Ginsburg, David 151
CIT-Alcatel 170
Citibank 81, 248
Thorp, Peter 81
video banking kiosks 106
Clarendon College 94
CLI 138, 175
and AT&T 178
and AT&T VideoPhone 2500 171
Cameo 93, 178
desktop video 178
and Intel 178
personal videoconferencing history 178
and Sprint 181
Walsh, John 141, 178, 196, 204
Clinton, Bill 160
use of personal video-conferencing 95
clothes
casual 71
clothes (continued)
large prints and plaids 70
white shirts 70
CNN TalkBack Live 112
coaxial cable 140, 217
cocktail napkin as shared whiteboard 37
codec 125, 162
defined 123
external 172
software 179
coding/decoding 123
collabication xxiv, 4, 35, 78, 101, 110, 286
collabicate defined v
in corporations 37
defined 21
in schools 37
in society 37
collabicators 35-44, 273
collaboration xxiv, 4, 79, 158, 189, 196, 205, 206, 257, 260, 264, 268
accepting feedback 40
change in work practices 38
changing documents in real-time 38
and communication 21, 197, 208, 259
computer versus face-to-face 41
and corporate culture 264
defined 34
and ego 40
etiquette 35
immediate nature of 38
impact on organizational hierarchy 41
learning 34
new skills required 34
over Internet 176
PC-based limitations 42
real-time 27, 212
and shift away from e-mail 39
resisting 36
skills 37, 272
store-and-forward compared with real-time 38, 39, 43
training 37
without video 47
collaborative
computing 38, 122
Silicon Graphics study 199, 207
desktop 122
meeting tools 32
application and file sharing 32
document conferencing 33
whiteboarding 33
work patterns 36
Collaboratory for Research on Electronic Work 30
collective knowledge 15
groupware 10
intranet 10
college placement 274
Colorado 15, 115
Boulder 79, 156, 241
Denver 60
Comcast 152
COMDEX 113, 181
comfort on camera
television news 46
common "graffiti" space 94
Common Channel Signaling System 7. See SS7 signaling 145
Common Intermediate Format (CIF)
defined 133
communication
casual 55
and collaboration xxiv, 4, 19, 244, 257, 272, 275, 276, 277, 284
and collaboration as basic skills 267, 285
effective practices 63
facial expressions 60
non-verbal 61, 62, 279
organizational 66
quality of, 29
skills 62, 272, 278, 279
social and technical factors 58
spontaneous 54
store-and-forward compared with real-time 39
using Picturephone 168
voice tone and inflection 61
voice-driven culture 58
Xerox PARC studies 55
communications channel 141
Communications of the ACM 54, 56
Communications Week 222
Communique! 85, 100, 101, 158
commuting 4, 267
trip reduction 246
Compaq Computer 138
and Intel ProShare 183
competition 4
and personal videoconferencing 258
competitive advantage 257, 271-286
compound modem 238
compression 123, 142, 175, 176
algorithms 124, 158
Discrete Cosine Transform 125
Discrete Wavelet Transform 125
Fractal Compression 125
hardware 124
hardware assisted 124
improvement of algorithms 234
interframe 125
intraframe 125
lossless 124
lossy 124
motion estimation 125
ratio 124
software 124
Vector Quantization 125
wavelet 158
computer aided industrial design 77
Computer Aided Design (CAD) 34, 91
Computer Reseller News 128, 223
computer-mediated communication 184
computer-telephony integration 130
Comtech Labs
Apex-III 235
conference control 36
Conference on Computer-Human Interaction 60
Congress
Family Quality of Life Advisory Committee 6
Consolidated Edison
ElBadaly, Hussein 91, 263, 276, 281, 286
video kiosk 105, 263
Consortium for Audiographics Teleconferencing Standards (CATS) 137
consultants 258
Contempo Realty
Krajewski, Kyle 109, 285
virtual loan officer 108
content 276
Continuous Presence 53
control paradigm 246
convergence 13, 188, 264
Conversational Media 92
copper 140
core competency 7, 258
Corel Corporation 59
Cornell University
CU-SeeMe 159
Food Science and Technology 268, 285
McLellan, Mark 268, 285
Corning Glass
and fiber optic 151
corporate
advancement 275
communications 270
corporate applications 75-93
culture 9, 85, 207, 246, 259, 261, 265, 268
changes in 264
and clothing 71
and collaboration 264
immediate results expected 198
impact of personal conferencing on 36
monitoring employees 267
and personal videoconferencing 197, 264
privacy issues 198
revolution 197
telecommuting 266
and World Wide Web 197
deployment of personal videoconferencing 194
fast track 275
image 270
legal departments 102
perastroika and personal videoconferencing 197
reengineering 7
refugees 8-10
virtual work teams 19
strategy 264
corporate (continued)
structure 7
telecommunications 220
transfers 241
corporation
access to executives 280
changing hierarchies 264
core competency 7
customer/supplier relationship 261
decentralization 7
diversification 7
diversity 261
dress and success 280
flattening hierarchy 265
globalization 7, 260
joint ventures 260
outsourcing 260
perastroika 197
recommitment to 265
redefining 266
rethinking 7-11
virtual 258-266
virtual work teams 259
cosourcing 7
cost justification 189
cost/benefits 195
courts 100
Cox Cable 152
C-Phone 79, 91, 115, 237
CODEC server 181
described 181
uses of, 87
credit analyst 104
Credit Suisse
Bigley, Tim 63, 65
creditors 258
crisis management 92
CSMA/CD 215
CSPAN 16
Cuba 261
culture 4
differences among countries 51
exchange of 240
Japanese 31
shift of 4
understanding 241
Cumberland Science Museum 114
CU-SeeMe 89, 94, 95, 97, 158, 159
and Clinton, Bill 160
and Gore, Al 160
Reflector technology 160
White Pine Software 159
customer service 66, 105
video kiosks 263
customer support
as the killer app 74
CyberSURFR cable modem 238
D
Darome Teleconferencing
and MCI 182
data conferencing 174, 176
defined 32
data sharing 168
DataBeam
FarSite 32, 79, 178
Starkey, Neil 134
Datapoint Corporation
Black, Michael 190
Minx 91, 103, 105
video kiosk 105
Dataquest
Barker, Trudy 224
Davinci program 204
daycare 242
decentralized corporation
personal videoconferencing 19
decision making 74, 275
Deloitte & Touche, LLP
cosourcing 7
demand
MacWorld survey 233
demand chain management 204
demographics 107
Department of the Treasury
Acoveno, Kevin 114
Department of Trade and Industry 117
deployment
approaching the CEO 194
bottom-up 194
CEO buy-in 194
compared with PC deployment 197
deployment (continued)
customized corporate uses 195
decentralized decision-making 192
early adopters 190
encouraging use 190
Impact Video Communication 200
internal marketing 191
LAN 212
merging desktop and room efforts 203
need for case studies 192
one-stop shopping 194
pilots 192
plan 189
resistance 188, 203, 205
roadblocks 188
security concerns 208
senior executives 190
strategic locations 190
strategy 191
success 188
stories 191
technology champion 194
top-down 194
training 205
user group 207
design cycle time, reduction of, 78
design engineering application
Northrop Grumman 33
DeskCon 21
DeskMax 176
desktop 17
at home 255
broadcasting 59, 163, 225
compared with face-to-face 59
impact of 228
conferencing 37
prototype 30
desktop publishing 122
Desktop Video 1000 and 2000 178
desktop videoconferencing 86, 100, 141, 158, 178, 182, 285
alternative to room videoconferencing 38
and architecture 112
attention to detail 282
boost for rural communities 96
and the bottom-line 191
business case 276
and business relationships 48
changing nature of professions 40
closing cultural gap 261
collaborating on spreadsheets 38
communication guidelines 63
compared with face-to-face 57
compared with Fax 77
compared with group videoconferencing 204
compared with room systems 204
compared with room videoconferencing 77
competitive advantage 276
and corporate culture 197
cultural differences 51
and customer service 48, 87
deciding when to use 44
democratizing effect 276
deployment 189
design 51
development of collaborative tools 55
and downsizing 274
early use of 93
emotional impact of 48
enhancing careers 273
facial expression research 61
fiber optics 152
gratuitous use 42
Grove, Andy 174
impact on organizational hierarchy 36
impact on small business 41
implementing 187-210
importance of video 48
and the LAN 212
as mainstream technology 183
and making alliances 48
and medicine 97
migrating to 265
ordering process 189
and organizational culture 59
and the PC 202
PC requirements 194
and PictureTel 175
and real estate 107
for remote training 87
desktop videoconferencing (continued)
rise of rural living 249
security concerns 43, 208
shift in work habits 38
spotlighting professionals 281
substitute for the telephone 42
and Switched 56 149
travel cost savings 101
travel expense reduction 89
use of separate monitor 59
versus face-to-face 247
and video compression 124
virtual corporation 259
virtual field trips 114
for weather briefings 94
Desktop Videoconferencing Conference (DVC) 159
Desktop Videoconferencing Consortium 81
Deutsche Telekom 138
Dickinson, Sarah 163, 172, 234, 237
dictation 272
digital
bandwidth 141
compared with analog 123
hierarchies 148
network 140
networks 140, 147, 151
VCRs 131
Digital Equipment Corporation 138, 213, 225
direct-broadcast satellite 136, 238
disabled 283
Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) 125
Discrete Multitone (DMT) 154
Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) 125
distance
in education 228, 233
impact of, 257
psychological barrier 265
in regards to learning 249
distractions 67
distributed
family 12
management of, workforce 19
work teams 7
workgroups 267
Distributed Work Group 53
diversification 7
Diversified Information and Assistance Network. See Project DIANE 114
diversity 261
divorce
parents and personal videoconferencing 19
and personal videoconferencing 243
docking stations 256
doctors as middlepeople 10
document camera 263
use with video kiosk 105
document conferencing 26, 32, 60, 67, 79, 173
to avoid video contact 27
defined 33
and groupware 182
without video 80
document sharing 79
downshifting 5
downsizing 8, 274
dress 71, 241
guidelines 63
productivity 71
telecommuting 71
DRUMS 111
DS-0 148
DS-1 148
DS3 190
Duke Power Company 92
DVC `96 West 107, 195, 208, 234, 260, 267
DVC Conference & Exhibition 21
Ohr, Steve 21
Weber, Bill 21
dvMCI 2000 112
E
E1 144
versus T1 148
EARS 213
Earth 258
earthquake protection 95
economy, relationship to, 261
education 241
changes in approach 278
education (continued)
new skills 280
Education First program 114
8?8 234
CCD camera and compression 127
Deierling, Kevin 127, 236
home 236
and POTS 236
VCP processor 235
video communications processor 126
Wang, Chi-Shin 126
Eisys 88
Price, Peter 89
Ekman, Paul 269
ELAN, defined 221
electric utilities 232
delivering video and audio 232
electronic
collaboration 40
commerce 158
meeting 37
Electronic Information Exchange System (EIES) 184
Electronic Meetings 184
Electronics 31, 170
Elephant Sanctuary 115
e-mail 4, 150, 156, 158, 179, 182, 184, 198, 199, 238, 241, 272, 279
access to senior management 10
compared with
personal videoconferencing 49
videoconferencing 239
and law firms 270
limitations 283
overload 39
and personal videoconferencing 31
emergency meetings 82
emotion 184
Empire State Building 91
employment changes 284
encryption 208
end users 189
engineering applications 86, 260
England 75, 76
Nottingham 94
Enterprise Network Roundtable (ENR) 221
environment, manipulation of, 282
equality 94
Ericsson 138
LME 170
Eris 92, 254
Ernst & Young 39
Muller, Bill 36, 38, 62, 85, 189, 190, 195, 206, 207
Ethernet 212, 213, 221, 226
Fast 214
Isochronous 216
Switched 217
Xerox 213
10Base-T 213
etiquette 64, 205, 206
cross-cultural 52
cultural differences 65
interruptions 64
and organizational culture 52
revealing others in the room 66
surprise video calls 65
European Teleconferencing Federation
newsletter 151
Excel 26
expert witnesses, interviews 102
Exploratorium 95
Shaw, Larry 95
eye contact 27, 50, 69
and camera placement 50
cultural differences 51
and teleprompter 51
eye dart 279
F
Face-rubbing 279
face-to-face 31, 70, 170, 184, 242, 257, 261, 265, 277
compared with personal videoconferencing 20
interactions 102
meetings 8
Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Ekman, Paul 60
Friesen, Wallace V. 60
facial expressions 27, 69, 269, 270
of children 242
facial expressions (continued)
and emotion 61
immediate reaction to work 38
impact on communication 60
importance of 86
importance of, to videoconferencing 61,
and lies 61
and software development 86
work of Ekman, Paul 60
family
impact on, 116
and personal videoconferencing 241, 255
and videophones 234
Family Quality of Life Advisory Committee 6
far-end camera control 55, 127
FarSite 32, 79, 178
fast blink 279
Fast Ethernet 214, 215, 220
Fast Ethernet Alliance 215
fax 89, 224, 238, 263
as essential technology 256
group 3 standard 133
limitations of technology 34
FCIF 127, 194
defined 133
FDDI 216
FDDI-II 216
fear
of appearing on camera 18
overcoming, 285
Federal Communications Commission 147
federal government 9
Federal Office of Emergency Preparedness 184
Fiber Distributed Data Interface 216
fiber optic 94, 103, 140, 153, 182, 215, 218, 237, 249
California 151
Pacific Bell 151
file sharing 27
defined 32
film production 111
financial trading 254
Fire Wire 238
(IEEE 1394) 130
First Virtual Corporation
ATM 221
Bay Networks 223
multimedia operating system 221
Tsui, Doug 220
Ungermann, Ralph 40, 47, 196, 201, 221
FlashWare Multimedia Networking Software 227
Florida 163
Tampa 89
Ford Global Studio 76
Ford Motor Company
Delena, Giuseppe 77
design group 76
Fore Systems 224
Fortune magazine 221
Forum 59, 184
fractal compression 125
Iterative Systems 126
See also compression
frame rates 142
France 142
France Telecom 138, 282
free trade zones 261
Fujitsu 170
Fulton County Court
Smalley, Bill 103
Funrise Toy
Meyer, John 75
G
Gaining access. See access, gaining
Gallery, The 56
gatekeepers
doctors 11
e-mail 10
Gates, Bill 177, 238
The Road Ahead 255
gateway server 222
gateways 135
LAN/WAN 140, 181
General Dynamics 170
Generic Conference Control (T.124) 134
Georgia 15
Atlanta 103
Fulton County Courts 103
Georgia Tech 126
Germany 76, 90, 142
and ISDN 146, 236
use of PCs 205
Waldorf 87
Glasgow Electric Plant Board
Ray, William 232
global society 12
globalization 7, 11, 260
GlobeSpan 154
Gold, Elliot 234
Gordon, Gil 82, 234
Gore, Al 160
use of personal videoconferencing 95
government 116
GPTV Cable 103
grandmothers, and videoconferencing 237
Grassmere Wildlife Park 115
Great Britain
Department of Trade and Industry 117
groupware 10, 21, 43, 123, 182
use with desktop videoconferencing 93
Grove, Andy 172
GTE
ADSL 156
Pictel 170
guidelines 94, 207
Gulf War 16
H
H.261 133, 136, 214
Ericsson, Staffan 179
H.263 136
H.320 133, 137, 162, 163, 172, 177, 178, 179, 181, 214, 233
and PCWG 138
H.323 133, 135, 161, 218
H.324 135, 136, 176, 233, 254
compared with H.320 234
H.324/M 136, 254
H0 144
H11 144
HARC-C 126
Harwood Group 5
Hawaii 15
HCV Pacific Partners
Information Highway House 247
HDSL 153
compared with ADSL 155
HDTV 178
health 241
Hebridean Islands 96
help desk 87
Hewlett-Packard 138
Thaler, Pat 216
100VG-AnyLAN 215
"Hey Martha" 26
hierarchy
American Diabetes Association 10
change in 36
desktop videoconferencing 36
flattening 10, 265
impact on, 198
reduction 264
high bit rate digital subscriber line 153
high-speed data 140
Hirzel, Katherine 74, 201
Hitachi 170
"Hole-in-Space"
Galloway, Kit 54
Rabinowitz, Sherri 54
Hollywood Squares 53
holographic projection 202
home 143, 260
entertainment 257
fiber to 153
fiber optic 151
Intel Video Phone 234
market 232
personal videoconferencing 231-251
schooling
and personal videoconferencing 250
shopping 233
uses 233
video banking 249
home videoconferencing
drawbacks 247
encouraging business deployment 257
and the media 240
repressive regimes 240
home-based consultants 15
Horizon Consultants
Horzepa, Joe 74
hospitals 116
hoteling 9
House of Representatives 16
Houston Advanced Research Center
digital wavelet compression 126
Hughes Aircraft 27
Hall, Tom 27, 219, 273
human
behavior xxiv
factors 35, 46
resources 87, 92, 189, 195, 224, 228, 264
rights 240
Huntington Bancshares 105
Access Branches 262
Randle, Bill 106, 146, 249, 262
video banking 248
video kiosks 106
Wobst, Frank 106
Hydra system 53
I
I Love Lucy 15
IBM 84, 163, 172, 174, 175, 194, 225
Aptiva 183
and ATM 223
Intel ProShare 183
IsoEthernet 216
and Lotus 183
person-to-person 183
Idaho 15
IDC/LINK Resources 8
IEEE
802.3 standard 213
802.9a Isochronous Ethernet 216
standards 130
Illinois
Chicago 92
Mossville 76
Peoria 75
Impact Video Communication xvii, 200
Hirzel, Katherine 74, 201
implementation 195, 207
involving departments 193
project manager 193
risk of pioneering 204
risk versus gain 277
risks 262
team 193, 259
Zen of 209
IMTC 137
incAlliance 216
Incite 106, 216
Conversational Media 92, 263
video call centers 263
Indeo 173
India 136
Industrial Revolution 14
Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus 129
INET Marketing
Manley, Tom 38, 42, 65, 89, 163, 189, 221, 240, 255, 269, 276
information 261, 262, 266, 278
open exchange of, 268
Informedia Interactive 184
Morrison, Chuck 110
relocation station 109
Infoworld 224
InPerson 76, 99, 111, 158, 205
InSoft
and Netscape 163
See also Netscape
Institute for Telework
Romine, Van 163, 245
Institute for the Future
Forum 184
Johansen, Robert 184
Planet 184
Spangler, Kathleen 184
Vallee, Jacques 184
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) 216
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 132
Integrated Digital Solutions 225
Integrated Information Technology. See 8?8 126
Integrated Services Digital Network. See ISDN 32
Intel 12, 133, 138, 162, 183
architecture 128
architecture labs 175
Bhagwan, Sudhir 173
and CLI 178
Connection Advisor 161
Dennis, Don 173
Digital Video Interactive (DVI) 173
and Ethernet 213
Fast Ethernet 215
Gelsinger, Pat 174, 183
Grove, Andy 146, 172
H.323 135, 161
history of personal videoconferencing 172
and IMTC 137
Indeo 173
Information Highway House 247
Internet and Communications Group 175
Internet Video Phone 158, 161
Internet videoconferencing 158
IP multicasting 226
Johnson, James 162, 175, 234
law firm's use of personal videoconferencing 35
and Lotus 183
Microprocessor Group 174
MMX (multimedia extensions) 128
native signal processing 127
and Oracle 225
PC TUNEUP 162
Personal Conferencing Division 32
Personal Conferencing Work Group 138
Personal Videoconferencing Division 174
PhotoNet 161
and PictureTel
176
Pollack, Fred 128
ProShare 28, 32, 63, 75, 77, 80, 81, 87, 92, 97, 100, 102, 104, 107, 111, 117, 147, 172, 178, 225, 247, 256
Andersen Worldwide Study 28
ProShare Presenter 225
value of video debate 32
Video Phone 175, 234, 235
and VTEL 176, 177
Web Tour 162
intellectual property 153
Intellectual Teamwork 41
interactive 272
television 225
interexchange (IXC) 142
interframe compression 125
internal marketing 189. 191
approval 200
Impact Video Communication 200
Intranet site 200
naming the network 200
person-to-person 201
success stories 202
International Multimedia Teleconferencing Consortium (IMTC) 137
International Organization for Standards (ISO) 136
International Telecommunications Union (ITU) 132
International Teleconferencing Association 22
Internet xviii, xxiv, 15, 95, 97, 112, 122, 140, 150, 162, 184, 196, 237, 239, 254, 264, 269, 275, 285
ADSL 154
and ARPANET 184
cable modems 237
collaboration 176
CU-SeeMe 159
customer service 263
law 11
marketing 89
medical education 11
multicast backbone 164
packet loss 162
packet-switched 150
skills 280
telephony 163
video commerce 263
video quality 162
videoconferencing 156, 243
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) 132, 227
Internet Protocol. See IP 153
Internet relay chat (IRC), compared with Internet videoconferencing 239
Internet Video Phone, Intel 158
Interop 113
interoperability 133, 138, 183
breaking barriers 137
InterVIEW 81
intraframe compression 125
intranet 10, 15, 20, 35, 163, 207, 264, 265, 268, 275, 285
democratizing effect 276
efficiency of 224
guidelines 268
for internal marketing 201
and personal videoconferencing 163, 224
skills 280
Web site 201
INTV! 100
inverse multiplexer 144
Iowa
Sioux City 156
IP 153
multicasting 226
IRS help desk 114
ISACOMM 181
ISDN 32, 84, 93, 96, 114, 130, 149, 171, 177, 212, 218, 219, 233, 238
background 142
Basic Rate Interface (BRI) 124, 140, 142, 143, 156, 161
defined 143
server 189
B-ISDN 144
Broadband 140
compared with POTS 142
and compression 124
France 142
Germany 142
home 236, 244
Intel and 146
Japan 142
Microsoft and 144
multirate 144
national ISDN 142
NI1,NI2,NI3 142
ordering codes 147
PRI 144, 148
defined 143
Primary Rate Interface (PRI) 140, 263
problems 146
signaling 143
64 clear 146
and SS7 145
and T-120 134
tariffs 149
Isochronous Ethernet 216
IsoEthernet standard 263
isolation 245
avoiding 232
reduction 84, 86
Italy 76, 258
Iterated Systems
fractal compression 126
Zeug, Michael 126
ITT 278
Iorio, Anthony 274, 277
ITU, International Telecommunications Union 144
J
Japan 76, 142, 148, 170
eye contact 51
Kyoto 50
television 123
Japanese
culture and videophones 31
Jedediah Smith Elementary 114
Jefferson Cancer Network
London, Jack 99
Jetsons, The 22
Johansen, Robert 184
Johnson & Johnson
Moore, Scarlett 192, 204, 208, 224
videoconferencing task force 194
Johnson Space Center 117
Joint Photographic Expert Group 137
joint venture
management 204
personal videoconferencing 19
JPEG 136
MPEG 137
just-in-time training 87
K
Kentucky 232
Louisville 109
killer application 164, 177
at home 242
killer features 32
Klein, Anne 9
L
Laidlaw Environmental Services
Belt, Louis 39, 62, 89, 244, 261, 266, 275
LAN 190
adapter 147
and ATM 220
management 220
and personal videoconferencing 211-228
segmentation 217
upgrade options 212
LAN Emulation (LANE) 220, 221
LAN/WAN gateway 135
laptop 17
document conferencing 89
videoconferencing 254
emergency management 256
Eris 254
RSI Systems 254
storing video 255
use of, 254
laser disc player 180
law 6, 19, 275
use of desktop videoconferencing 100
firms and e-mail 270
impact of personal videoconferencing 101
Internet 11
New Jersey 9
virtual corporation 258
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 115
Dirks, David 49, 115, 241, 255, 259, 265
lawyers, as middlepeople 10
leakage
and facial expressions 61
learning curve
and computer collaboration 41
leased 142
LEC 146, 152
local loop 148
legal
collaboration 102
consulting 101
corporate 102
work room 102
Legal Research Network 6, 244
level 5
cable 215
wiring 220
libraries 114
life
personal 286
professional 286
lighting 283
Lincoln Center 54
Link-VTC
Pitts, Kevin 241, 258, 266
lip licking 279
listening skills 278
Live 100 80, 86, 102, 114, 115
LiveBoard 33
LiveMedia 163
Liveshare 88
livingroom videoconferencing 238
LME 170
local access 162
local area network (LAN) 32, 135, 140, 161, 212
local exchange carrier (LEC) 142, 147, 151
local loop 147-156
locational independence 101
Lockh