| Dedication vii |
| Acknowledgments ix |
| Preface xiii |
| Introduction 1 |
| Part 1 The Death of Distance 3 |
|
|
| 1 | Shifting Cultures: A Ripe Time for New Tools 5 |
| | Workers Without Time 6 |
| Shifting priorities 7 |
| Rethinking the Corporation 9 |
| Corporate refugees and downsized professionals 10 |
| Exit the Middleperson 11 |
| The Mobile, Global Society 13 |
| The pervasive, powerful PC 14 |
| The convergence 14 |
| Whatever happened to the paperless office? 15 |
| Urban refugees and the rise of rural living 16 |
| Urgency and the Web generation 17 |
| Backdrop of the Video Age 17 |
| Personal videoconferencing defined 18 |
| The promise of personal videoconferencing 19 |
| Managing the distributed workforce 20 |
| Enriching lives 21 |
| Before We Get Carried Away 21 |
| The rise of collabication 22 |
|
|
| 2 | Collaborating Through Conferencing 25 |
| With or Without Video 26 |
| The Andersen Worldwide Study 28 |
| The University of Michigan Study 30 |
| The Sun Microsystems Laboratories Study 30 |
| To See or Not To See: The Big Debate 31 |
| Collaborative Meeting Tools 32 |
| Application and File Sharing 33 |
| Document Conferencing 33 |
| Whiteboarding 33 |
| Turning the Video On and Off 33 |
| What is collaborating? 34 |
| Learning to collaborate 34 |
| The Collabicators 35 |
| The shift 36 |
| Changing how we work 37 |
| Computer collaboration versus face-to-face 41 |
| Collaborative security guidelines 43 |
| Collaborating, now or later 43 |
|
|
| 3 | Communicating Through Conferencing 45 |
| The Personal Videoconferencing Generation 46 |
| The Value of Video 47 |
| Perfecting the Virtual Meeting 49 |
| The eye contact dilemma 50 |
| Bridging the cultural gap 52 |
| Keeping up with multipoint 53 |
| Uniting the Distributed Work Group 54 |
| The Xerox PARC media space 54 |
| Bellcore's Cruiser 56 |
| RAVE at Rank Xerox 57 |
| CAVECAT and VOODOO 58 |
| The Ontario Telepresence Project 59 |
| Montage and finding the right time 60 |
| Forum and desktop broadcasting 60 |
| The Meaning of Facial Expressions 61 |
| The Dilemma of Guidelines 64 |
| Etiquette 65 |
| Accountability through video 67 |
| What works and what doesn't 68 |
| Distractions: The enemy of personal videoconferencing 69 |
| Turn that thing off 71 |
| Clothes: Turn-ons and turn-offs 71 |
|
|
| 4 | Personal Videoconferencing in Action: So What's the Killer App? 75 |
| Corporate Applications 77 |
| Product development/manufacturing 77 |
| Funrise Toy 77 |
| Caterpillar 78 |
| Ford Motor Company 78 |
| Midwest Information Systems 79 |
| NASA 81 |
| Smith Micro Software 81 |
| Mead Corporation 81 |
| SEMCO 82 |
| 3M 82 |
| Boeing 83 |
| Recruitment 83 |
| Viewnet 83 |
| Citibank 83 |
| Desktop Videoconferencing Consortium 84 |
| Telecommuting 84 |
| British Telecom 86 |
| Ernst & Young 88 |
| Bank of Boston 88 |
| Novacor 89 |
| Chromatic Research 89 |
| Help desk 90 |
| SAP Software 90 |
| Training 90 |
| NYNEX 90 |
| Amoco 91 |
| Project management 91 |
| 3M 91 |
| Eisys 91 |
| Lockheed Martin 92 |
| Laidlaw Environmental Services 93 |
| Remote expert/consulting 93 |
| SAP Software 93 |
| Andersen Worldwide 94 |
| Telemaintenance 94 |
| US Navy 94 |
| Emergency management 95 |
| Consolidated Edison 95 |
| Duke Power Company 95 |
| Relocation alternative 96 |
| Amoco 96 |
| Document production 96 |
| Amoco 96 |
| Specialized Applications 97 |
| Distance education 97 |
| The School of Visual Arts 97 |
| Clarendon College 98 |
| Northwestern University 98 |
| The Exploratorium 99 |
| Oregon Museum of Science and Industry 99 |
| Strathclyde Regional School District 100 |
| Astrophysical Research Consortium 101 |
| The Open University 101 |
| Telemedicine 101 |
| RDS America 101 |
| Bassett Healthcare 102 |
| Maritime Health Services 102 |
| Thomas Jefferson University Cancer Center 103 |
| The Bowman Gray School of Medicine 103 |
| Financial trading 104 |
| Bank of Boston 104 |
| Legal/judicial 104 |
| Arnold, White & Durkee 105 |
| Parnon & Pratt 106 |
| 3M 106 |
| Manhattan District Attorney's Office 107 |
| Fulton County, Georgia Courts 107 |
| Banking and retail kiosks 108 |
| US Bank 108 |
| Best Buy 108 |
| Consolidated Edison 109 |
| Huntington Bancshares 111 |
| Citibank 112 |
| Real estate 112 |
| Virtual Realty 112 |
| Contempo Realty 113 |
| Informedia Interactive 114 |
| Film and video production 117 |
| Mott 4 Productions 117 |
| R/GA Digital Studios 117 |
| Architecture 118 |
| Stone Marraccini Patterson 118 |
| Advertising 118 |
| Netsurf 118 |
| Media 119 |
| CNN's "TalkBack Live" 119 |
| Community service 120 |
| Education First program 120 |
| Project DIANE 121 |
| Navajo Outreach Program 122 |
| Specialized military 122 |
| US Navy 122 |
| Government 124 |
| NASA 124 |
| Department of Trade and Industry 124 |
|
|
| Part 2 The Nuts and Bolts 125 |
|
|
| 5 | The Technology that makes Personal Videoconferencing Happen 127 |
| Merged Applications On the Collaborative Desktop 128 |
| How Desktop Videoconferencing Works 129 |
| Compression: Understanding the technology 129 |
| Mission impossible 130 |
| Something lossy is something gained 131 |
| Less than picture perfect 132 |
| Compression is Power 133 |
| Native signal processing 134 |
| The power of MMX 134 |
| The little camera that could 135 |
| Riding the express bus 136 |
| Universal Serial Bus (USB) and Fire Wire (IEEE 1394) 136 |
| Multipurpose video capture cards 138 |
| Standards: A Green Light to Worldwide Deployment 139 |
| The H.320 family 141 |
| T.120 for document conferencing 141 |
| H.323 for the LAN and Internet 142 |
| H.324 for POTS 143 |
| MPEG and JPEG 144 |
| The IMTC 145 |
| Breaking barriers to interoperability 145 |
|
|
| 6 | Getting From Here to There: Bandwidth and Personal Videoconferencing 147 |
| Gaining Access 148 |
| Sorting out access options 148 |
| Bandwidth and why it matters 149 |
| The Evolution of ISDN 150 |
| Some ISDN background 151 |
| ISDN basic rate interface (BRI) 151 |
| ISDN Primary Rate Interface (PRI), ISDN Multirate, and B-ISDN 152 |
| Signaling 153 |
| The SS7 signaling approach 154 |
| Some ISDN snags 154 |
| ISDN ordering codes 156 |
| ISDN shopping list 156 |
| The Analog Nature of the Local Loop 156 |
| Converting analog to digital 157 |
| Migrating to newer digital networks: T1 versus E1 157 |
| Leased versus switched access 158 |
| Switched 56: An older method 158 |
| POTS via V.34 modems 159 |
| Circuit-Switched versus Packet-Switched 159 |
| ATM 160 |
| Goodbye copper, hello fiber 161 |
| SONET 162 |
| Competing with cable TV 162 |
| Cable modems 163 |
| Turning copper to gold: ADSL, HDSL, and SDSL 163 |
| Internet Videoconferencing: Democracy in Action? 167 |
| The VDOphone approach 169 |
| The evolution of CU-SeeMe 170 |
| Intel Internet video phone 172 |
| Issues in Internet videoconferencing 173 |
| Web videoconferencing 174 |
| Them bones, them bones, the MBONE 175 |
| As networks evolve 175 |
|
|
| 7 | An Insider's History of Personal Videoconferencing 177 |
| AT&T and The Roots of Personal Videoconferencing 178 |
| Enter the Space Age with Picturephone 179 |
| Pick Your Video Telephone 184 |
| Bell Labs after Picturephone 185 |
| Intel's early involvement 187 |
| PictureTel's Desktop Moves 190 |
| VTEL and personal videoconferencing 191 |
| CLI and desktop videoconferencing 193 |
| VIVO's software compression approach 194 |
| Apple's videoconferencing initiative 195 |
| A different approach from Target Technologies 196 |
| Sprint's Conference Connections 197 |
| MCI gets in the game 197 |
| Groupware Meets Videoconferencing 198 |
| The Computer Meets the Telephone 199 |
|
|
| Part 3 Taking the Plunge 201 |
|
|
| 8 | Integrating Desktop Videoconferencing into Organizations 203 |
| Planning for Success 204 |
| The deployment plan 205 |
| Deployment strategy 207 |
| The implementation team 209 |
| CEO buy-in 211 |
| Developing department-specific applications 212 |
| The Corporate Culture Shift 214 |
| Senior management: Setting the right tone 216 |
| Multicompany study of collaborative computing 216 |
| Revisiting the Andersen Worldwide study 217 |
| Internal marketing and education 218 |
| Anticipating and Countering Resistance 220 |
| Training 223 |
| Establishing a user group 225 |
| Put it in writing 225 |
| Security issues 226 |
| Personal Videoconferencing With Partners and Suppliers 226 |
| Multipoint: Coping with the carriers 227 |
| The Zen of Implementation 22 |
|
|
| 9 | Personal Videoconferencing Over the LAN 229 |
| Ethernet and Token Ring 230 |
| The Ethernet standard 231 |
| Fast Ethernet 233 |
| 100VG-AnyLAN 234 |
| Isochronous Ethernet 234 |
| FDDI, CDDI, FDDI-II 235 |
| Switched Ethernet 235 |
| SONET and LANs 236 |
| LAN solutions for personal videoconferencing 236 |
| ATM and the LAN 238 |
| First Virtual Corporation and ATM 241 |
| Other ATM efforts 243 |
| Intranets and videoconferencing 243 |
| Media Servers and Multicasting 244 |
| IP multicasting versus MAC-layer multicasting 245 |
| RTP/RTCP 246 |
| RSVP 247 |
| The impact of desktop broadcasting and multicasting 247 |
|
|
| Part 4 New Lives in a New Universe 249 |
|
|
| 10 | Telecommuting and Killer Apps at Home 251 |
| Video Quality and Home Videoconferencing 254 |
| Driving a mass market 255 |
| Whetting Consumer Appetites 256 |
| Home videoconferencing over cable 257 |
| SIPC andl livingroom videoconferencing 258 |
| Enhancing Virtual Communities 259 |
| Impact on family and friends 262 |
| Linking separated parent with children 264 |
| Time for part-time 265 |
| Telecommuting 266 |
| Alternative delivery of services 269 |
| Personal video banking 270 |
| Boon to rural living 271 |
| 911 271 |
| Surveillance 272 |
| Video house calls 272 |
| Enhanced home schooling 272 |
| Video sex 273 |
|
|
| 11 | A New Way of Doing Business 275 |
| Mobile Videoconferencing 276 |
| Personal videoconferencing as standard equipment 279 |
| The Virtual Corporation 280 |
| Personal videoconferencing-enabled globalization 283 |
| The changing business landscape 284 |
| The corporate culture fallout 287 |
| Warming Up to Telecommuting 289 |
| A new type of speaking engagement 291 |
| Building new networks 292 |
| Competing for the new century 293 |
| Lingering issues 293 |
|
|
| 12 | The Competitive Advantage of Personal Videoconferencing 295 |
| A Shift in Skills 296 |
| Desktop video: The midas touch? 297 |
| Coming up short 299 |
| The edge changes 302 |
| Learning to listen 303 |
| Appearance matters 304 |
| Striving to become Clark Kent?r Dan Rather 305 |
| Access and exposure 305 |
| Manipulating your environment 307 |
| Leveling the playing field 308 |
| The Remote Management Edge 309 |
| Power Players 310 |
| Fighting fear and winning 311 |
|
|
| Appendix 313 |
| Index 381 |