Table of Contents

Part 1  Overview   1

1  Welcome to Mac OS X   3

1.1 Introduction 4

Origins of Mac OS X 5

1.2 The Macintosh user interface 6

1.3 The Mac OS X user interface 8

The desktop 8 n Menus 8

The Dock 10

Window layering 11

Dialog boxes 11

Drawers 12

Keyboard navigation 12

Other interface features 13

1.4 The Mac OS X architecture 13

Architecture layers 15

The kernel environment 16

Core Services layer 20

Application Services layer 21

Application Environment layer 22

Aqua 26

1.5 Summary 26

2  Navigating and using Mac OS X   27

2.1 Introduction 28

2.2 Shells 29

Terminal features 31

2.3 Help system 32

Help Viewer 33

2.4 User accounts and privileges 33

Creating user accounts 34

2.5 Booting and default services 36

2.6 Programs and Mac OS X bundles 37

2.7 Security issues 39

2.8 File system 39

Finder 41

Case sensitivity and pathname delimiters 43

2.9 Single-user mode 44

2.10 System log files 45

2.11 Processes management 45

2.12 Common commands and tools 46

2.13 Scripting languages 48

AppleScript 48

2.14 Development tools 50

2.15 X Window under Mac OS X 51

Installing the X server 52

2.16 UNIX to Mac OS X software projects 53

2.17 Summary 54

Part 2  Tools   55

3  Project Builder and Interface Builder   57

3.1 Introduction 58

Macintosh Programmer?s Workbench 59

THINK Pascal and THINK C 59

CodeWarrior 60

Project Builder and Interface Builder 60

3.2 Creating an application with Project Builder 62

3.3 Project Builder in depth 67

Targets and build styles 67

Project Builder?s UNIX tools 68

Project Builder?s interface 69

Project Builder scenarios 78

3.4 Creating an application with Interface Builder 100

Interface Builder scenarios 101

3.5 Summary 108

4  Development tools   109

4.1 Introduction 110

4.2 UNIX development tools under Mac OS X 112

Editors 112

Mac OS X editing tools 113

Version control 117

Static code analysis tools 121

4.3 Compilers and build tools 122

4.4 Mac OS X Aqua-based development tools 122

UNIX-based editors 122

Mac OS X-based editors 127

4.5 Apple?s GUI-based development tools 127

Apple Help Indexing Tool 128

AppleScript Studio 128

FileMerge 129

Icon Composer 132

Interface Builder 132

JavaBrowser 133

MRJAppBuilder 134

MallocDebug 135

ObjectAlloc 143

PEF Viewer 143

PackageMaker 144

Pixie 144

Project Builder 144

PropertyListEditor 144

Quartz Debug 146

Sampler 147

Thread Viewer 150

icns Browser 155

4.6 Apple?s command-line development tools 156

ps (process status) and top (system usage statistics) 156

sc_usage: showing system call usage statistics 158

fs_usage: reporting system calls and page faults related to the filesystem in real-time 160

gprof: displaying execution profile data 161

leaks: searching a process?s memory for unreferenced malloc buffers 163

heap: listing all the malloc-allocated buffers in the process?s heap 165

malloc_history: showing malloc allocations that a process has performed 165

sample: profiling a process during a time interval 166

4.7 Summary 167

Part 3  Programming   169

5  Objective-C and the Cocoa development frameworks   171

5.1 Introduction 172

5.2 Introduction to Objective-C 173

Object-oriented terminology 174

Classes 175

Messages 177

Categories 178

Protocols 180

Other features 180

Why learn Objective-C? 181

5.3 Cocoa software infrastructure 182

Foundation 182

Application Kit 187

Memory management 188

Design patterns 193

Cocoa event handling 197

5.4 Other Cocoa development languages 200

C++ 201

Perl 201

Ruby 202

5.5 Summary 202

6  Cocoa programming   203

6.1 Introduction 204

6.2 The CocoaWGet example program 205

6.3 Program requirements 207

6.4 Program design 208

6.5 Building the interface 209

Opening the project 209

The interface components 210

Control alignment and spacing 212

Forms 215

Classes and instances 215

6.6 CocoaWGet: implementing code with Project Builder 220

The model 221

The view 224

The controller 224

6.7 Program extensions 233

Letting the user cancel downloads 234

The application icon 239

The help file 241

6.8 Summary 243

7  AppleScript programming   245

7.1 Introduction 246

7.2 Scripting languages 247

7.3 AppleScript 248

Creating and running a script 250

Types of AppleScripts 251

AppleScript extensions 252

The AppleScript language 254

Choosing a scripting language 264

7.4 Example applications of AppleScript 264

iTunes and AppleScript 264

AppleScript Studio 269

7.5 Summary 278

8  Mac OS X and beyond   279

8.1 Introduction 280

8.2 Development tools 281

Compilers 281

Project Builder 283

Changing compilers 283

Inline scripting 283

New target editor 286

Searching documentation 287

8.3 Terminal application 289

Setting Terminal preferences 289

Splitting the Terminal window 292

Other Terminal additions 293

8.4 The PerlObjCBridge 293

PerlObjCBridge example 295

8.5 Summary 300

A  Getting and installing development tools   301

B  UNIX and Mac OS X command mappings   303

B.1 Common Mac OS X operations 304

B.2 UNIX file/directory commands mapped to Mac OS X commands 304

List directory contents: ls 304

Copy/move files or folders: cp, mv 305

Remove files or folders: rm 305

Change directory: cd 305

Create a new directory: mkdir 305

Change file permission and group: chmod, chgrp 306

Compare files: diff 306

Get the word, line, or byte count: wc 306

Compress and decompress data: compress, uncompress, tar, gzip, gnuzip, unzip, zcat 306

Edit text files: emacs, vi 306

View files: head, tail 306

Find files: find 307

B.3 UNIX communication commands mapped to Mac OS X commands 307

OpenSSH: ssh, scp 307

Talk to another user: talk, ytalk 307

B.4 UNIX process management commands mapped to Mac OS X commands 307

Show system and process usage statistics: top, ps 307

Terminate a process: kill 307

C  The precursor of Mac OS X: Mac OS   309

C.1 A tour of the Mac OS interface 310

C.2 Interacting with the system 312

C.3 Mac OS system components 313

System file and Finder 314

Process scheduling 314

Memory management 315

Extending the system through system extensions 317

Interapplication communication (IAC) 318

File system 319

Macintosh files 319

Graphics 320

Networking 321

D  A brief history of UNIX   323

D.1 The origin of UNIX 324

High-level languages and punch cards 324

Batch processing 325

Time-sharing 326

D.2 The birth and development of UNIX 328

D.3 GNU, Free Software Foundation, and open source 333

D.4 UNIX software development philosophy 335

resources 337

index 345