Index
A
aboutcontact 147, 544
aboutcopyright 147, 544
AboutDialog 50, 147, 150, 159, 542
aboutcontact 544
aboutcopyright 544
aboutversion 147, 544
buttonbox 544
components 544
dialogchildsite 544
hull 544
message 544
options 543
separator 544
absolute measurements 257
abstract class 11
accessing dictionaries 8
activate 92, 96, 304, 499, 527, 570, 618
activatecommand 543, 545, 551, 556, 558, 576, 588, 603, 605
activebackground 40, 428, 439
activeborderwidth 502
activecolor 582
activeforeground 428, 439
activerelief 526
add 240, 548, 579, 581, 587, 591
add_cascade 41, 503
add_checkbutton 41, 503
add_command 40, 503
add_radiobutton 41, 503
add_separator 503
addcascademenu 572
adding scroll bars dynamically 151
additional Menu options 399
addmenu 147, 148, 159, 573
addmenuitem 147, 160, 263, 573
addoptions 567
addPage 173, 174, 583
addtag 267
addtag_above 458
addtag_all 458
addtag_below 458
addtag_closest 458
addtag_enclosed 459
addtag_overlapping 459
addtag_withtag 256, 257, 459
after 107, 110, 124, 219, 224, 369, 433, 511
after_cancel 434
after_idle 369, 434
alarms 369
alignbuttons 548
alignlabels 113
alignment 301
alphabeticvalidator 563
alphanumericvalidator 563
anchor 84, 87, 92, 124, 168, 205, 428, 516
animation 134, 214
button press 247
making a widget flash 123
anonymous function 103
Any-Enter 99, 252
event 96
Any-Leave 116, 252
API 314, 316
append 109, 176, 193
appending lists 5
application framework 14
application level events 104, 107
application profiling 357
Application Program Interface (See API)
application structure 21, 27
application-level binding 106
applicationname 543
AppShell 50, 156, 169, 172, 175, 245
arc options 388
architecture 14, 375
argument 10
keyword 10
named 10
positional 10
arrow 261, 473
arrowbutton 550
arrowshape 261, 473
askfloat 141
askinteger 141, 142, 144
askokcancel 143
askquestion 143
askretrycancel 141, 143
askstring 141
askyesno 141, 143
aspect 446, 510
assert 350
assigning a unique identity to canvas items 267
asynchronous techniques 361–373
atomic operation 365
attribute variables 351
audio feedback 105
author online xxiii
autoclear 549
automatic scroll bars 151
autorepeat 553, 607
B
B1 617
B2 617
B2-Motion 99
B3 617
background 426, 439
color 341
setting color 154
Balloon 50, 147, 245, 545–546
bind 546
clearstatus() 546
hull 545
label 546
methods 546
showstatus 546
tagbind 546
tagunbind 546
unbind 546
Balloon help 148, 160, 245, 343
bargraphs 286
base class 11
Base text indices 401
batch file 378
baud 230
bbox 242, 268, 459, 499, 532, 593, 600, 602
bd 426
before 511
behavior of complex systems 96
bell 434
bg 426
bigincrement 523
binary distribution 611
bind 20, 96, 100, 101, 102, 104, 105, 115, 193, 434, 546
application level 104
binding 106
binding events and callbacks 104
binding events to callbacks 95
binding widgets to dynamic data 108
callbacks 95
changing bindings 107
class level 104, 105
instance level 104
shell level 104
toplevel window level 105
Bind and event methods 420
bind method 103, 104
bind_all 105, 252, 434
bind_class 105, 106, 434
binding 95–119
binding and virtual events 420
binding Balloon help to a widget 162
binding widgets to dynamic data 108
bindtags 434
BinHex 616
bitmap 208, 428, 453, 470
bitmap 453
cget 453
class 452–453
configure 453
data 452
file 452
height 453
image type 416
maskdata 452
maskfile 452
options 389, 416
shared options 452
type 453
width 453
BitmapImage 245
blank 514
blank cards 212
blocking I/O 364
blocking read 231
BMP 215
BooleanVar 108, 152
borderframe 592, 593, 595, 597, 601
bordermode 516
borderwidth 426, 578
borderx 543, 551, 556, 576, 588, 603, 605
bordery 543, 551, 556, 576, 588, 603, 605
borrowed reference 326
bounding box (See bbox)
break 107
breakpoints 336
browsers 175–183
tree 175
building a dispatcher 235
building a ruler 254
building extensions in C++ 320
building extensions to Python 311
building for MacOS 616
building for Unix 610
building for Windows 614
building front panels 199
building navigation into an application 302
building Python 610, 612, 615
extensions 316
building Tk 612, 615
built-in validation 114
bus error 325
busy cursor 155
Button 16, 20, 36, 453, 618
disabling 36, 89
flash 455
iconic 247
invoke 455
methods 406
methodsmapping 406
relief 36
shared options 454
tkButtonDown 455
tkButtonEnter 455
tkButtonInvoke 455
tkButtonLeave 455
tkButtonUp 455
widget 405
widget standard options 405
widget-specific options 405
Button-1 99, 193, 196, 209
Button1 617
Button1-ButtonRelease 193
Button1-Motion 193
Button-2 99
Button2 617
Button3 617
buttonaspect 549, 553, 607
ButtonBox 51, 161, 544, 552, 557, 559, 577, 588, 604, 606
add 548
alignbuttons 548
components 547
delete 548
frame 547
hull 547
index 548
insert 548
invoke 548
label 547
methods 548
numbuttons 548
setdefault 548
buttonboxpos 543, 551, 556, 558, 576, 588, 603, 605
ButtonPress 97, 618
ButtonPress-1 99, 178, 245
ButtonPress-2 99
ButtonRelease 97, 618
ButtonRelease-1 20, 245
ButtonRelease-3 99
buttons 543, 551, 556, 558, 576, 588, 603, 605
buttontype 590
bytecode 349
bytecode engine 4
C
C compiler 314
C structure 9
cache 198
callback 95–119
binding events 95
calling Python from C/C++ 320
Canvas 44, 122, 192, 202, 456
addtag_above 458
addtag_all 458
addtag_below 458
addtag_closest 458
addtag_enclosed 459
addtag_overlapping 459
addtag_withtag 459
bbox 459
canvasx 459
canvasy 459
closeenough 457
confine 457
coords 459
crate_bitmap 460
create_arc 460
create_image 460
create_line 460
create_oval 460
create_polygon 460
create_rectangle 460
create_text 460
create_window 460
dchars 460
delete 460
dtag 460
find_above 461
find_all 461
find_below 461
find_closest 461
find_enclosed 461
find_overlapping 461
find_withtag 461
focus 461
gettags 462
icursor 462
index 462
insert 462
insertbackground 457
insertborderwidth 457
insertofftime 457
insertontime 457
insertwidth 457
itemcget 462
itemconfigure 462
move 463
PostScript 463
colormap 463
colormode 463
file 463
fontmap 464
height 464
pageanchor 464
pageheight 464
pagewidth 464
pagex 464
pagey 464
rotate 464
width 464
x 464
y 465
scale 465
scan_dragto 465
scan_mark 465
scrollregion 457
select_adjust 465
select_clear 465
select_from 465
select_item 465
select_to 466
shared options 456
tag_bind 466
tag_lower 466
tag_raise 467
tag_unbind 467
type 467
xscrollincrement 458
xview_moveto 467
xview_scroll 467
yscrollcommand 458
yscrollincrement 458
yview_moveto 467
yview_scroll 467
canvas 17, 593
adding scrollbars 251
coordinates 242
create line 238
create oval 238
create rectangle 238
deciding if the pointer is in a region 198
determining the size of an image 194
generating PostScript 250
grab handles 258
locating the nearest object 242
moving objects 243
origin 242
panning 253
relative positioning 201
scan_dragto 252
scan_mark 252
scrollregion 252
selecting items 242
stretching canvas objects 258
tags 250
xscrollcommand 252
yscrollcommand 252
Canvas Arc 468
coords 469
create_arc 469
delete 469
extent 468
itemconfigure 469
outline 468
outlinestipple 468
shared options 468
start 468
stipple 469
style 469
tags 469
Canvas bitmap 470
bitmap 470
coords 471
create_bitmap 470
delete 470
itemconfigure 471
shared options 470
tags 470
Canvas image 471
coords 472
create_image 472
delete 472
image 471
itemconfigure 472
shared options 471
tags 471
canvas item
bounding box 238
Canvas item types 388
Canvas line 472
arrow 261, 473
arrowshape 261, 473
capstyle 473
coords 474
create_line 474
delete 474
itemconfigure 474
joinstyle 473
shared options 472
smooth 473
splinesteps 473
stipple 474
tags 474
Canvas methods 386
canvas origin 242
Canvas oval 474
coords 475
create_oval 475
delete 475
itemconfigure 475
outline 475
shared options 475
stipple 475
tags 475
Canvas polygon 476
create_polygon 477
delete 477
itemconfigure 477
outline 476
shared options 476
smooth 476
splinesteps 476
stipple 476
tags 476
Canvas postscript options 393
Canvas rectangle 477
coords 478
create_rectangle 478
delete 478
itemconfigure 478
outline 478
shared options 477
stipple 478
tags 478
Canvas text 478
coords 480
create_text 479
delete 480
font 479
itemconfigure 480
justify 479
shared options 479
stipple 479
tags 479
text 479
Canvas widget 385–393
Canvas widget standard options 385
Canvas widget-specific options 386
Canvas window 480
coords 481
create_window 481
delete 481
itemconfigure 481
shared options 480
tags 480
window 480
canvascolor 582
canvasheight 582
canvasmargin 592
canvaswidth 582
canvasx 193, 240, 459
canvasy 193, 240459
capstyle 473
CDE 306
C-extension 13
cget 434, 453, 490, 508, 510, 514, 567
change-password dialog 86
changing bindings 107
Checkbutton 38, 481
deselect 484
flash 484
indicatoron 483
invoke 484
offvalue 483
onvalue 483
select 484
selectcolor 483
selectimage 483
shared options 482
toggle 484
variable 483
Checkbutton methods 407
Checkbutton widget 406
Checkbutton widget standard options 406
Checkbutton widget-specific options 407
checkentry 563
child widgets 78
choosing fonts 343
class 9–11, 120, 492, 540
__init__ 10
abstract 11
base 11
class library 129
composite widgets 139
creating an instance 10
defining a class 9
generalized 11
header 11
inheritance 10, 11
inherited methods 139
instance 9
MegaWidget 136
methods 10
mixin 126
mixin classes 11
multiple inheritance 11, 139
name mangling 11
object description 9
private methods 11
private variables 11
public methods 11
public variables 11
self 10
subclassing 129
switch 133
switches 138
this 10
toggle switch 136
variable 138
class constructors 14
class header 11
class level 105
class libraries 9, 10, 129, 131, 202
class variable 138, 158, 186
class-level binding 106
clear 564, 602
clearstatus() 546
client 446
registration 97
client/server techniques 371
clipboard_append 434
clipboard_clear 435
clipper 597
closeenough 457
collecting passwords 145
color 48, 129
in GUIs 344
setting colors 47
supporting color blind users 345
transforming 130
variations 130
color bitmap 309
color blind users 345
color in graphical user interfaces 344
color transformation 129, 131
color variations 130
colormap 98, 463, 492, 540
colormap events 98
colormap flashing 98
colormap notification 98
ColormapNotify 98
colormapwindows 446
colormode 463
column 87, 116, 117, 493, 79, 301
columnconfigure 252
columnspan 89, 189, 493
ComboBox 16, 52, 88, 153, 340, 549, 552
arrowbutton 550
components 550
entryfield 550
get 153, 550
hull 550
invoke 551
label 550
methods 550
options 549
popup 550
scrolledlist 550
selectitem 153, 551
setlist 153
size 551
ComboBoxDialog 53, 551
buttonbox 552
combobox 552
components 552
dialogchildsite 552
hull 552
methods 553
options 551
separator 552
command 429, 447, 543, 552, 556, 558, 560, 576, 584, 586, 588, 590,
603, 605
common methods
bind_all 434
configure 435
focus_get 436
grab_set 436
image_types 437
tk_focusPrev 439
compare 532
compiled C++ 348
compiler 314
complex 272
component 113, 567
componentaliases 567
componentgroup 567
composite widgets 136, 139
composites 120
concatenating lists 6
config.h 318
configuration 78, 97
configuration events 98
configure 93, 99, 158, 159, 303, 435, 453, 490, 508, 510, 514, 567
ConfigureNotify 98
configurepane 587
confine 457
connector
10Base-T 200
BNC 200, 201
FDDI 200, 201
J-25 201
J-45 201
J-50 201
constraint 254
Constraint Widget class 77
container 78, 77, 81, 92, 492, 540
containerCanvas 583
Control 617
Control-Insert 99
Control-Shift-F3 99
converting screen coordinates to canvas coordinates 241
converting Tcl/Tk scripts to Tkinter 237
coordinates 238
coords 459, 469, 471, 472, 474, 475, 477, 478, 480, 481, 524
copy 490, 514
Corporation for National Research Initiatives (CNRI) 4
Counter 54, 553
components 555
decrement 556
downarrow 555
entryfield 555
frame 555
hull 555
increment 556
label 555
methods 556
options 553
uparrow 556
CounterDialog 55, 556
buttonbox 557
components 557
counter 557
deleteentry 557
dialogchildsite 557
hull 557
indexentry 558
insertentry 558
methods 557
options 556
separator 557
create 331
create arc 388
create bitmap 389
create image 389
create line 390
create oval 390
create polygon 391
create rectangle 391
create text 392
create window 392
create_arc 460, 469
create_bitmap 460, 470
create_image 177, 217, 224, 460, 472
create_line 225, 331, 460, 474
create_oval 122, 132, 204, 209, 460, 475
create_polygon 122, 132, 255, 460, 477
create_rectangle 122, 193, 204, 209, 460, 478
create_text 224, 331, 460, 479
create_window 45, 460, 481
createcommand 578
createcomponent 76, 159, 239, 568
createfilehandler 370
createlabel 568
creating a data dictionary 165
creating a drawing program 238
creating a progress widget 161
creating a scrolled canvas 251
creating a separator 185
creating a tool bar 264
creating a tree widget 181
creating arrows 261
creating image maps 191
creating new megawidgets 73
crossing events 97
CURRENT 234, 253
curselection 499
cursor 426
cursors 621–624
arrow 621
bottom_left_corner 621
bottom_right_corner 621
bottom_side 621
crosshair 622
draft_large 622
draft_small 622
fleur 622
left_ptr 622
left_side 622
ll_angle 622
lr_angle 622
plus 623
right_side 623
top_left_arrow 623
top_left_corner 623
top_right_corner 624
top_side 624
ul_angle 624
ur_angle 624
watch 624
xterm 624
curved lines 238
D
data 452, 513
data dictionaries 165–171
data entry 140
data entry dialogs 142
data verification 95, 111
datagram 372
datatype 553
date validator 113
dates 117
datevalidator 563
dblclickcommand 598
dchars 460
DDD 337
Deactivate 618
deactivatecommand 543, 545, 552, 557, 558, 576, 588, 603, 605
deactiveColor 582
debug 532
DDD 337
how to to debug an application 333
IDLE 336
pdb 336
debug information 339
debug window 334
debugger 27, 329, 333, 336, 361
debugging applications 329–337
debugging network applications 330
debugging techniques 311
deconstructor 325
decoration
window 307
decrement 556, 608
default action 142
default binding 304
default value 154
defaultbutton 543, 552, 557, 558, 576, 588, 603, 606
defineoptions 75, 156, 568
defining classes 9
defining validation requirements 165
deiconify 308, 309, 447
deleteall 591
deleteentry 557, 589
deletemenu 573
deletemenuitems 263, 573
deleting a member 7
delPage 583
delta 527
deselect 484, 521
deselectall 176
designing effective graphics 338–347
destroy 99, 435
destroycomponent 568
destroying a window 94
device events 97
Dialog 56, 558
buttonbox 559
components 559
dialogchildsite 559
hull 559
interior 559
invoke 559
methods 559
options 558
separator 559
dialog 140–198
askokcancel 143
askquestion 143
askretrycancel 143
askyesno 143
browser 175
data entry 142
error messages 141
getting a filename from the user 271
hierarchical browsers 175
human factors 144
image map 191
modal 141
password 145
popup 144
showerror 143
showinfo 143
showwarning 143
single-shot forms 146
warning messages 141
wizard 184
Dialog module 141
dialogchildsite 544, 552, 557, 559, 577, 589, 604, 606
dictionary 5, 23
accessing 8
data 8
initializing 8
iterating through entries 8
keys 8
modifying 8
sorting 8
dictionary reference 15
digital multimeter 220
digits 523
direction 508
disableall 573
disabledforeground 429, 439
disabling a button 89
dispatcher 23
simple example 235
display 310
display stack 243
distributing applications 374
distributing Python 311
distributing Tkinter applications 374–379
distribution
alternative schemes 375
architectures 375
batch file 378
Distutils special interest group 379
freeze 379
general issues 374
installation 374
InstallShield 376
squeeze 379
tools 379
UNIX applications 375
distribution tools 379
dlineinfo 533
dll 376
Double-Button-1 99, 178
DoubleVar 109, 152
downarrow 555
downhourarrow 608
downminutearrow 608
downsecondarrow 608
draw
charts 276
curved lines 238
filled oval 244
filled rectangle 244
freehand curves 244
graphs 276
lines 237–275
objects 237–275
open oval 244
open rectangle 244
ovals 238
rectangles 238
rubber lines 244
smoothed curves 244
straight lines 244
drawing on a canvas 238
drawing program 238
drawing tools 237
drawn objects 238
dropdown 549
dtag 265, 460
dtwm 306
dynamic callback handlers 95, 107
dynamic linking 316
dynamic load libraries 374
dynamically-loadable modules 317
E
effect of debug on performance 330
elementborderwidth 526
elements of good interface design 339
emacs 333
embedding Python 313, 325
enableall 573
encoding 48
Enter 99, 245, 618
EnterNotify 97
Entry 20, 37, 87, 484
delete 487
exportselection 486
get 487
icursor 487
index 487
indices 394
insert 487
insertbackground 486
insertborderwidth 486
insertofftime 486
insertontime 486
insertwidth 486
scan_dragto 487
scan_mark 487
selection_adjust 488
selection_clear 488
selection_from 488
selection_present 488
selection_range 488
selection_to 488
shared options 485
show 487
types 398
widget 393–395
widget methods 395
widget standard options 393
widget-specific options 394
xview 488
xview_moveto 488
xview_scroll 488
entry 16, 563, 575, 594
behavior of a widget 166
password entry 145
entry fields 86
entrycget 504
entryconfigure 504
EntryField 56, 111, 112, 142, 559
checkentry 563
clear 564
components 563
entry 563
hull 563
invoke 564
label 563
methods 563
options 560
setentry 564
valid 564
validation function return values 560
validators 561
entryfield 550, 555, 589
environment 376
environment variables 613
errorbackground 560
eval 21, 25, 26, 128
event 95–119
And-Enter 96
behavior of complex systems 96
bind 96
bind methods 104
binding callbacks 102
binding events to callbacks 95
binding widgets to dynamic data 108
boundary 97
ButtonPress 97
ButtonRelease 97
callbacks 95, 102
colormap 98
configuration 78, 97, 98
ConfigureNotify 98
crossing 96, 97
device events 97
direct 102
dynamic callback handlers 95, 107
enter widget 96
EnterNotify 97
event loop 96
event mask 97, 99
event queue 96
event storm 107
exposure 97, 98
filter 96
flushing the event queue 125
focus 98
FocusIn 98
FocusOut 98
grab 97
Gravity 98
handler 96
handling multiple bindings 106
handling multiple callbacks 106
indirect 102
keyboard 97
KeyPress 97
KeyRelease 97
keysyms 98, 619
LeaveNotify 97
Map 98
modifier keys 97
modifiers 98, 617
motion 97
motion events 102
MotionNotify 97
mouse 97
performance issues 102
pointer 97
pointer motion 97
propagation 97
qualifier 98, 619
Reparent 98
takefocus 98
type 98
types 618
Unmap 98
unrecognized events 101
Visibility 98
event driven systems 95
event handler 96, 101, 102, 107
break 107
event key symbols 619
event loop 96, 365
event mask 97, 99, 101
event mechanism 99
event object 102, 106
event.focus 100
event.height 100
event.keysym 100
event.keysym_num 100
event.num 100
event.send_event 100
event.serial 100
event.time 100
event.type 100
event.widget 100, 106
event.width 100
event.x 100
event.x_root 100
event.y 100
event.y_root 100
focus 101
send_event 101
event propagation 97, 106
event queue 96
event storm 107
event type 97, 101, 618
Activate 618
Button 618
ButtonPress 618
ButtonRelease 618
Deactivate 618
Enter 618
FocusIn 618
FocusOut 618
Key 618
KeyPress 618
Leave 618
Map 618
Motion 618
Unmap 618
event.focus 100
event.height 100
event.keysym 100, 106
event.keysym_num 100
event.num 100
event.send_event 100
event.serial 100
event.time 100
event.type 100
event.widget 100, 106, 118
event.width 100
event.x 100, 193
event.x_root 100
event.y 100, 193
event.y_root 100
event_add 435
event_delete 435
event_generate 435
event_info 435
event-mechanism 95
events and keysyms 617–620
exceptions 23, 26, 356
mechanism 23
NotImplementedError 127
exec 21, 25, 26, 168, 173, 215
expand 82, 84, 87, 124, 511
exportfile 602
exportselection 486, 498, 529
exposure events 98
extending Python 313–328
extension libraries 375
extension module 229
extent 290, 468
extravalidators 560
F
fg 426
file 452, 463, 513
reading 190
File menu 148
fill 80, 82, 83, 84, 124, 249, 281, 511
transparent 235
fill color 244
filter 96, 356, 357
find_above 461
find_all 461
find_below 461
find_closest 240, 461
find_enclosed 461
find_overlapping 461
find_withtag 234, 253, 256, 461
flash 455, 484, 521
FLAT 33
fliparrow 549
float 293
floating-point operations 359
flushing the event queue 125
focus 101, 114, 303, 305, 461
focus events 98
focus window 98
focus_displayof 435
focus_force 436
focus_get 436
focus_lastfor 436
focus_set 100, 106, 159, 193, 303, 436
FocusIn 98, 99, 209, 618
focusmodel 447
FocusOut 98, 99, 116, 209, 618
font class 489
actual 490
cget 490
configure 490
copy 490
families 491
family 489
font 489
measure 490
metrics 491
names 491
overstrike 489
size 489
slant 490
underline 490
weight 490
font descriptors 47
font family 47, 489
font methods 423
font options 422
fontmap 464
fonts 16, 203, 422, 426, 479, 489
encoding 48
family 47
pointSize 48
sans serif 340, 343
serif 343
setting a font 47
slant 48
weight 48
fonts and colors 47
foreground 426, 439
forget 185, 187
format 513, 515
format strings 321
forms 140–198
designing effective forms 140
fractals 271
fraction 527
Frame 20, 21, 33, 491
class 492
colormap 492
container 492
master 33
shared options 491
widget 407
widget standard options 407
widget-specific options 408
visual 492
frame 20, 447, 547, 555, 590, 597, 608
freehand curves 244
freeze 379
from 523
from_coords 515
front panel 199
making measurements 202
FTP 297
function 10
G
gamma 513
garbage collection 218
generalized class 11
generating random numbers 109
geometry 81, 93, 150, 156, 307, 308, 447
geometry management 78, 420
geometry manager 33, 77, 307
Grid 86, 492
grid 116
Pack 511
Packer 79
Place 516
Placer 90
geometry methods 307
get 118, 152, 487, 499, 514, 524, 527, 533, 550, 585, 600, 602
getattr 217
getboolean 436
getcurselection 579, 591, 600
getint 609
getPage 583
getstring 609
gettags 234, 253, 462
getting optimum performance 311
getvar 436
ghosting 257
GIF 208, 215, 220
global data 9
global data space 361
grab 97
grab handles 258, 262, 267
grab_current 436
grab_release 436
grab_set 436
grab_set_global 436
grab_status 437
graph widget 279
graphic selection 194
graphs 276
bargraphs 286
cubic splines 281
drawing axes 277
fit to scale 282
pie charts 289
smoothing lines 279
strip charts 296
3-dimensional 292
threshholds 298
Gravity 98
Grid 77, 78, 86, 308, 492
column 86, 493
columnspan 89, 493
grid 494
grid_bbox 494
grid_columnconfigure 494
grid_configure 494
grid_forget 494
grid_info 495
grid_location 495
grid_propagate 495
grid_remove 495
grid_rowconfigure 495
grid_size 495
grid_slaves 495
in_ 493
ipadx 493
ipady 493
methods 422
minsize 493
options 421
pad 493
padx 493
pady 493
row 86, 493
rowspan 89, 494
spanning rows and columns 87
sticky 86, 494
weight 494
grid 116, 340, 494
column 116
columnconfigure 252
command 421
columnspan 189
row 116
rowconfigure 252
sticky 116
sticky attribute 145
grid_bbox 494
grid_columnconfigure 494
grid_configure 494
grid_forget 494
grid_info 495
grid_location 495
grid_propagate 495
grid_remove 495
grid_rowconfigure 495
grid_size 495
grid_slaves 495
GROOVE 33
groove 342
Group 57, 564
components 564
groupchildsite 564
hull 565
interior 565
methods 565
options 564
ring 565
tag 565
group 448
groupchildsite 564
GUI
color scheme 338
designing effective interfaces 338
ergonomics 338
font selection 338
interface design 339
layout 77
screen 77
GUI toolkit 12
GUIAppD xvii
H
handling multiple bindings 106
handshaking 231
HAVE_CONFIG_H 318
height 429, 453, 464, 514, 517
“Hello World” 18
helpmessage 575
hex nut 131
hexadecimalvalidator 563
hierarchical packing 84
highlight color 214
highlightbackground 426, 439
highlightcolor 426, 439
highlightthickness 100, 170, 302, 303, 426
high-speed serial 200
histograms 276, 286
history 549
horizflex 596
horizfraction 596
horizontal scroll bar 151
horizscrollbar 593, 597, 599, 601
hotkey 148
hourentryfield 608
hscrollmode 592, 596, 598, 601
hull 26, 544, 545, 547, 550, 552, 555, 557, 559, 563, 565, 566,
570, 572, 575, 577, 579, 581, 583, 585, 589, 590, 593, 595, 597,
599, 602, 604, 606, 608
hull_borderwidth 239
hull_height 150
hull_relief 239
hull_width 150
hulldestroyed 568
Human Factor Engineering 342
human factors 342
using dialogs 144
I
ibnd
instance level 105
ICCCM 309
icon 176, 307, 308, 544, 577
bitmap 309
color bitmap 309
name 309
position 309
icon methods 309
iconbitmap 309, 448
iconbox 309
iconic 308
iconic button 247
iconify 308
iconify windows 308
iconmargin 543, 576
iconmask 448
iconname 22, 309, 448
iconpos 543, 576
iconposition 309, 448
iconwindow 309, 449
icursor 462, 487
IDE 336
identify 525, 527
IDLE 329, 336
if-elif-else 127, 129
Image 88, 91, 93, 176
class 416
options 389
methods 416
image 90, 429, 471
bitmap 208
BMP 182, 208
determining the size of an image 194
editor 86, 87
GIF 182, 208
JPEG 182
JPG 182
maps 191–198, 305
overlay 215, 220
overlay techniques 233
PPM 182
ray-traced 232
three-dimensional 232
image_cget 533
image_configure 533
image_create 44
image_names 437, 533
image_types 437
ImageDraw 272
ImageEnhance 88
ImageTk 88, 91, 93, 176
import 353
importfile 602
in_ 493, 511, 517
increment 554, 556, 609
indentation 331
index 178, 462, 487, 499, 504, 533, 548, 579, 585, 591
indexentry 558, 589
indexing lists 6
indicatoron 38, 483, 508, 520
indicators 201
inheritance 11
inherited classes 10
inherited methods 15, 139, 433
__init__ 10, 11
initialise 112, 148, 581
initialiseoptions 76, 568
initialitem 584
initialization 352
initializing an instance 10
initializing colors 157
initializing dictionaries 8
initializing fonts 157
initializing lists 5
initializing Tk 158
initializing tuples 7
INITOPT 75, 156
initwait 545, 554, 607
insert 118, 189, 462, 487, 499, 533, 548, 579, 587
insert_cascade 504
insert_checkbutton 504
insert_command 504
insert_radiobutton 504
insert_separator 504
insertbackground 439, 457, 486, 529
insertborderwidth 457, 486, 529
insertentry 558, 589
insertofftime 457, 486, 529
insertontime 457, 486, 529
insertwidth 457, 486, 530
installation tools 184
InstallShield 376
instance 9, 10, 351
instance level event 105
instance variable 10
int 273
integervalidator 563
interior 75, 163, 559, 565, 566, 569, 581, 594, 598
Internet addresses 117
interpreter 27, 103
IntVar 103, 152, 160
invalidcommand 561
invariant subexpression 351
invoke 41, 240, 455, 484, 505, 521, 548, 551, 559, 564, 585, 591,
609
ipadx 185, 493, 512
ipady 185, 493, 512
isinitoption 569
itemcget 209, 214, 234, 462
itemconfig 124, 234
itemconfigure 462, 469, 471, 472, 474, 475, 477, 478, 480, 481
items 584, 598
iterating through dictionary entries 8
iterating through members 6, 7
J
joinstyle 473
jump 526
justify 429, 479
K
Key 99, 618
keybindings 307
keyboard events 97, 300, 301
keyboard focus 300, 303, 307
KeyPress 97, 99, 101, 247, 618
KeyPress-space 209
KeyRelease 97, 101, 247
KeyRelease-backslash 99
keys 269, 437
keystroke 114
keysyms 104, 106, 619
keyword 23
keyword arguments 15
keyword option 383
**kw 104
L
Label 21, 35, 86, 309, 495
shared options 496
widget 408
widget standard options 408
label 523, 546, 547, 550, 555, 563, 566, 575, 585, 591, 593, 595,
597, 599, 602, 608
labelchildsite 566
LabeledWidget 58, 565
components 566
hull 566
interior 566
label 566
labelchildsite 566
methods 566
options 565
labelmargin 142, 547, 549, 554, 561, 565, 574, 584, 590, 592, 594,
596, 599, 601, 607
labelpos 142, 547, 550, 554, 561, 566, 574, 584, 590, 592, 594,
596, 599, 601, 607
lambda 20, 25, 26, 91, 103
avoiding lambda expressions 103
definition 103
expressions 103
function 106
when to use 103
layout 77
calculating positions 92
centering a widget 91
geometry management 78
introduction 77
negotiation 78
positioning a window outside the master 92
positioning widgets 90
tab groups 301
Leave 99, 245, 618
LeaveNotify 97
LED 120, 200
length 523
lib-dynload 319
lift 240, 242, 248, 309, 310, 581
Light Emitting Diode 120
line cards 199
line options 390
line segments 250
Listbox 45, 497
activate 499
bbox 499
curselection 499
delete 499
exportselection 498
get 499
index 499
indices 396
insert 499
nearest 499
scan_dragto 500
scan_mark 500
see 500
selection_anchor 500
selection_clear 500
selection_includes 500
selection_set 500
selectmode 498
setgrid 498
shared options 497
size 500
widget 395–397
widget methods 396
widget standard options 395
widget-specific options 396
xview_moveto 500
xview_scroll 500
yscrollcommand 498
yview_moveto 501
yview_scroll 501
listbox 599
listheight 550
lists 5
appending 5
concatenating 6
deleting a member 7
indexing 6
initializing 5
inserting a member 7
iterating through members 6
membership 6
modifying members 6
sorting and reversing 6
local variable 10, 138, 351, 355
Lock 617
lower 310, 437
lowercommand 578
M
MacOS 616
main thread 365
main toplevel 32
mainCanvas 583
mainloop 14, 96, 329, 437
make 316, 611, 612, 613
Mandelbrot 271
map 98, 99, 356, 618
mapping
additional Menu options 399
Arc options 388
Base text indices 401
Bind and event methods 420
binding events 420
bitmap image type 416
Bitmap options 389, 416
Button widget standard options 405
Button widget-specific options 405
Canvas item types 388
Canvas methods 386
Canvas postscript options 393
Canvas widget standard options 385
Canvas widget-specific options 386
Checkbutton methods 407
Checkbutton widget standard options 406
Checkbutton widget- specific options 407
create arc 388
create bitmap 389
create image 389
create line 390
create oval 390
create polygon 391
create rectangle 391
create text 392
create window 392
Entry indices 394
Entry types 398
Entry widget methods 395
Entry widget standard options 393
Entry widget-specific options 394
font methods 423
Font options 422
Frame widget standard options 407
Frame widget-specific options 408
grid command 421
Grid methods 422
Grid options 421
Image methods 416
Image options 389
Label widget standard options 408
line options 390
Listbox indices 396
Listbox widget methods 396
Listbox widget standard options 395
Listbox widget-specific options 396
Menu indices 398
Menu widget methods 398
Menu widget specific options 398
Menu widget standard options 397
Menubutton widget standard options 409
Menubutton widget-specific options 410
Message widget standard options 410
Message widget- specific options 411
Oval options 390
Pack methods 420
PhotoImage methods 417
PhotoImage options 416
PhotoImage type 416
place command 420
place methods 421
Place options 420
Polygon options 391
Radiobutton widget methods 412
Radiobutton widget standard options 411
Radiobutton widget-specific options 412
Rectangle options 391
Scale widget methods 414
Scale widget standard options 412
Scale widget-specific options 413
Scrollbar widget methods 415
Scrollbar widget standard options 414
Scrollbar widget-specific options 414
standard widget options 384
Text embedded image options 403
Text embedded window options 403
Text index modifiers 402
Text options 392
Text tag specific options 402
Text tag standard options 402
Text widget methods 403
Text widget specific options 401
Text widget standard options 400
Tk special variables 385
Toplevel widget standard options 415
Toplevel widget-specific options 415
virtual events 420
Window options 392
Winfo methods 417
wm operations 419
mapping class 5
mapping Tcl/Tk to Tkinter 14
mapping Tk to Tkinter 383
mark_gravity 534
mark_names 534
mark_set 534
mark_unset 534
marshal.dump 270
marshal.load 269
marshaled data 271
mask
stipple 244
maskdata 452
maskfile 452
master 33
master widget 15, 78, 79
master window 93
matrix operations 359
max 248, 265, 586, 607
maximum 308
maxsize 308, 449
measure 490
MegaArchetype 566
addoptions 567
cget 567
component 567
componentaliases 567
componentgroup 567
configure 567
createcomponent 568
createlabel 568
destroycomponent 568
hulldestroyed 568
initialiseoptions 568
interior 569
isinitoption 569
methods 567
options 569
MegaBar
addcascademenu 572
addmenu 573
addmenuitem 573
components 572
deletemenu 573
deletemenuitems 573
disableall 573
enableall 573
hull 572
methods 572
MegaToplevel 569
activate 570
components 570
hull 570
methods