Index
Symbols
.NET, as a web services platform 552
A
abstract 331
abstract Action
Parameterized Commands 120
Struts 137
abstract class 330
alternative to interfaces 332
AbstractAction 305
in Cocoon 300
AbstractComponent 170
AbstractLoggable in Cocoon 300
AbstractTableDataModel 172
AbstractTableModel 171–172, 332
accessor method generated by DataExpress 232
action, as proxies for controllers 389
Action class
Command design pattern 120
Command pattern 117
Struts 12
WebWork 203, 213, 216
Action interface in Cocoon 300
action mapping 140
Action objects, advantages 127
Action servlet 141
using object pools 440
ActionContext.getContext() 205
ActionError 154
ActionForm
in Struts 136
reset() method for object reuse 424
ActionForward 139, 156
ActionInterface 204
ActionListener 170
in Tapestry 169
Actions 158
chain 202
comparing Struts to Cocoon 297
in Cocoon 297
Model 2 117
Struts 13
using Velocity in Struts 264
WebWork 201
ActionSupport 204, 211–212, 216
activateObject() 433
adaptor class, definition 64
Add class in Tapestry Schedule application 188
Add page
InternetBeans Express Schedule application 245
specification 186
Tapestry Schedule application 185
Velocity Schedule application 274
WebWork’s Schedule application 214
Add servlet in InternetBeans Express Schedule application 245
Add template in InternetBeans Express Schedule application 248
AddDbPoolTagExtraInfo 78
AddDbPoolToApplication 76
AddSchedule View in WebWork 217
AddScheduleBase in WebWork 214–215
AddScheduleEntry in WebWork 214, 219
AddScheduleEntry servlet in InternetBeans Express Schedule application 252
AddScheduleEntryBeanInfo 222
AddScheduleItem in WebWork 214, 216
AddScheduleItem.properties 218
AddToScheduleAction in Struts 155
addUser 37
aggregation compared to composition 383
Aggregator 336
agile
development 522
methodologies, characteristics 523
Alexander, Christopher 6
AllTests suite 530
Ant 195, 203
as an alternative to IDEs 493
automating JUnit regression testing 536
use with JUnit 534
Apache 12, 14, 160, 545
Apache Extensible Interaction System 545
application context
and caching 448
hidden resource cost 87
application deployment descriptor file 77
Application Engine in Tapestry 161
application server required to host EJBs 441
application servlet in Tapestry 162
application specification 180
and Visit 167
in Tapestry 162
in Tapestry Schedule application 179
Application, Jakarta Taglib 84
ApplicationServlet 161–162
for Schedule application 173
Architectural Spikes 442
architecture and process intensive 228
ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
as a RuntimeException 403
ArrayList 97
thread safety 97
Arrays 385
Art of War xvii
art_emotherearth_base 373
art_emotherearth_cachingpool 434
art_emotherearth_facade 454
art_emotherearth_flyweight 448
art_emotherearth_junit 526
art_emotherearth_log4j 516
art_emotherearth_ws 553
art_parameterizedcommands 118
art_sched_ejb 341, 470
art_sched_js 363
art_sched_mvc 93
art_sched_struts 134
art_sched_velocity 270
art_sched_webwork 208
Assembler Broker 18
Assemblers 18
assertEquals() 527
characteristics 528
assertions web specific 538
assertNotNull() 527
assertSame() 527
assertTrue() 527
association class 452
attribute collection effective use strategy 472
attribute collections 472
attributeRemoved() 461
authentication 470
autoCommit 49
automatic generation of key values 49
automatic paging in Tapestry 184
automatic population of values in Struts 136
automatic validation in Struts 149, 156
Avalon 296
Axis 24, 545
calling web services 551
characteristics 546
configuration 547
generation of simple web services 548
publishing web services 556
tools 547
AxisServlet 553
B
BaseComponent 171, 181–182
BaseEngine 170
BasePage 179, 189
in Tapestry 166
BaseURL 537
BaseWebTestCase 537
BDUF 522
BEA Jolt framework 12
bean authors in Model 2 applications 93
bean managed 348
entity bean defined 348
Bean tags 143
BeanInfo 207, 220, 222
Beck, Kent xxvi
beginResponse() method 189
Benchmark, Jakarta Taglib 84
best practices, definition 20
Big Design Up Front 522
binary RPC, common technical problem 544
Bob’s Framework 312
body element, definition 65
BodyContent 66
BodyTag 63, 65
Booch, Grady 335
bookmark pages, preventing 128
bookmarks in eMotherEarth 395
Borland 417
borrowBoundary() 465
borrowObject() 439
borrowOrderBoundary() 458
bottleneck
memory in web applications 446
mistaken optimization 442
boundary and entity classes and resource management 469
boundary and resource management 469
boundary classes
common characteristics used by Facade 464
decoupled from web services 559
defined 336
encapsulate transaction processing 392
proxies for EJB 565
replaced by JDO 565
stateless classes 422
unit tests 524
boundary façade, generic version 464
boundary package in eMotherEarth 372
boundary pool in eMotherEarth 439
BoundaryBase 464
BoundaryFacade 457
breakpoint 486, 489
command while stopped 490
NetBeans 496
browser, difficulting in testing 536
BSF, Jakarta Taglib 84
build logic into pages 62
buildFlyweightReferences() 448–449
building nested tags 64
business analyst, defining business rules 22
business logic
in Model 2 applications 92
placed in the middle tier 23
business rules 92
exceptions 402
HTML select options 113
unit tests 524
working definition 20
Business Rules Classes 250, 258
C
C 424, 508
.class modifier 465
C Language 4–5
C# as web service client 561
C++ 330, 403, 424
Cache, Jakarta Taglib 84
Cacheable 467
uses 467
cacheable action 128
cached resources 428
caching 468
application servers 339–340
as a concern 330
caution 467
changing through web.xml 460
data 233
defined 446
JNDI context 361
motivation 446
side effect 451
strategies 470
Tapestry 469
using parameterized commands 127
using soft references 431
call stack 407, 413
CallableStatement 231
callback method 70
for pooling objects 433
candidate for optimization 416
canonical
and FlyWeight 449
list 447
object defined 447
objects 428
Caretaker 395
Cascading Style Sheets 74, 567
in WebWork 207
Castor in Turbine 18
Catalina.bat 414
catalog controller
eMotherEarth base 374–375
in servlet-only eMotherEarth 30, 32
JSP-only eMotherEarth 51
refactored using JSTL 85
catch, jdb command 487
catching exceptions 403
CDATA 307
central controller 201
CGI 4
chain 546
chained constructor calls 422
class attribute
JSP 110
Tapestry page specification 176
Class class 465
used in JUnit 530
class diagram 335
Class object 465
ClassNotFoundException, technical exception 402
classpath
investigating through the debugger 486
jdb command 488
used in WebWork 203
ClasspathResourceLoader 266
clean separation
boundary classes and entities 441
concept in Model 2 applications 100
responsibilities 113
clear, jdb command 487
client/server 4
advantages and disadvantages 362
application 470
compared to web applications 362
InternetBeans Express 228
model object flexibility 104
scalability 337
timeframe compared to web projects 522
using DataExpress 230
validation 362
validation with DataExpress 250
clustered environment 107
and Velocity 267
application servers 340
COBOL 258
Cocoon 284
advanced user interface techniques 390
debugging 508
documentation of upcoming features 315
documentation shortcomings 315
non-transparent infrastructure 323
performance characteristics 421
performance profiling 421
servlet 288
tool support 317
use of innovatrive ideas 324
Cocoon 2, details 284
Cocoon.xconf, defined 296
code reviews, consistency in Model 2 applications 117
cohesive method 33, 35, 37
and unit testing 524
collaboration diagram 94
collection 385
API 97
disadvantage 100
extraneous object references 424
resizing 427
Collections.synchronizedMap() 432
column object 241, 250
COM/DCOM 544
combination of specification, template, and class 184
Command design pattern 117
Cocoon 304
Struts 13
Struts implementation 137
WebWork 201, 203
commented out code, warning sign 317
Commercial Profilers 416
commit 50, 391
Common Gateway Interface 4
common resources used by custom tags 87
Commons pool 433, 454
Comparable 385
Comparator 385, 404, 451
defined 385–389
recipe for building 386
ComparatorFactory 388
compareTo() 385
compile-time checking 75
complex interactions between objects and Façade 453
Component Reference hyperlink 193
component-based development 228
components in Cocoon 295
components to handle database connectivity 228
Composed Method design pattern xxvii
composition compared to aggregation 382
concat() 426
conceptual stack for undo operations 390
concern, defined 330
concurrent development using Model 2 93
concurrent users 6
configuration document in WebWork 208
configuration for Velocity 265
Confirmation
in JSP-only eMotherEarth 58
in servlet-only eMotherEarth 45
Connection 230, 525
connection pool 32, 97, 459
JNDI 470
JSP-only eMotherEarth 51
web services 559
ConnectionPoolProxy 554, 559
consistency in servlet-only eMotherEarth 36
constants for SQL text 97
cont, jdb command 487
container managed entity bean 348
advantages 348
context object, Velocity 263, 269
context parameter, Tapestry 162
contextInitialized() method 456
contrib library 180
controller
advantages of trivial controllers 109
Cocoon 300
Command pattern 117
eMotherEarth 373
façade 469
frameworks 11
handling exceptions 403, 406
Model 2 9, 92, 94, 104
MVC 8
optional 123
publishing framework 293
servlet and unit testing 524
Struts 139–140
VelocityServlet 263
cookies 497
CORBA 544
hurdles to widespread adoption 544
Core 80
CPU SAMPLES 414
CPU sampling technique 417
create() 358
createColumnModel() 183
cross-cutting API defined 332
Crystal methodologies 523
CSS and generated code 567
custom exception 100, 402
custom JSP tag 10, 157
in WebWork 200, 202
InternetBeans Express 255
custom table component in WebWork 213
custom tag library 6, 320
API 71
compared to JSTL 382
debugging 478, 482
Struts 156–157
Struts configuration 142
custom taglib in InternetBeans Express 228
custom WebWork tags, value stack and expression language 213
D
.do 140
data
encapsulated by model 387
in cached data 233
data aware 235
controls 233, 248
non-suitability to porting to EJB 360
data connectivity in InternetBeans Express
Schedule application 238
Data Definition Language 81
Data Express 229–230
defined 230
relationship to JDBC 230
data integrity 23
database 230
connection 68
connection, eMotherEarth 374
connection pooling, Struts 13
connection, servlet-only eMotherEarth 30
cursor 233
hosting business rules 22
servers and transaction processing 391
structure for Model 2 Schedule application 94
data-centric 289
DataModule 230, 236
as a singleton 232
as boundary and entity 234
defined 231
DataRow, defined 241
DataSet 231, 250
references DataModule 232
property 232
DataSource 266
use in EJB 343–344
used in Struts 139
DataSourceResourceLoader 266
Date
java.sql.Date 331
java.util.Date 331
DateTime, Jakarta Taglib 84
DBTags, Jakarta Taglib 84
DbUnit 534
deadline pressure 92
debug command 492
debugging
Cocoon 308
cost vs. time savings of IDE 506
difficulties 476
evaluating 505
frameworks 506
no-cost 505
open source vs. commercial 506
problems with web applications 476
support in Tapestry 195
declarative validation 156
defined 152
Struts validator 151
Decorator design pattern 278
generic validations in WebWork 224
decoupled classes 332
dedicated user interface designers 55
deltas in cached data 233
deployment descriptor 97
design and architecture using JavaScript 365
design pattern 6, 320, 446
absence of 10
Alexander’s book 6
applied to open source frameworks 228
definition 6
framework facilitators 11
Design Patterns:Elements of Reusable Object-oriented Software xxvi, 6
designers in JBuilder 231
desktop application 24, 230, 559
compared to distributed applications 28
compared to InternetBeans Express 229, 236
exception handling 407
similarity to Tapestry applications 321
Tapestry 190
web services client 559
destroyObject() 433
DevelopMentor 545
directives, Velocity Template Language 268
disconnected updates 233
discriminator 467
displacing standard HTML controls 62
displayable hyperlink 379
distributed application, web applications 28
doclet 225
Document Object Model 284
documentation for Cocoon 307
doEndTag 63–64
doExecute() method 211
doghouse, design metaphor 92
domain exception
defined 402
thrown by entities 403, 406
using 402
doStartTag 63–64
dot notation 83
down, jdb command 487
Dreamweaver 157, 318
MX 318
UltraDev and integration with Struts 157
DriverManager 230
dt_shmem 483
dt_socket 484
launching the debugger 484
dump, jdb command 487
DurationEditor 222
dynamic content 5–6, 228
dynamic controls 245
dynamic generation of HTML pages 229
dynamic information 93
dynamic instantiation 127
E
ebjPassivate() 343
Eclipse 317
EJB
bean code 341
complexity 441
deployment descriptors 72
disadvantages 565
home interface 341
method prefix 353
remote interface 341
ejbActivate() 343
ejbCreate() 352
ejbLoad() 353
ejbPostCreate() 352
ejbRemove() 353
ejbStore() 353
embedded HTML
directly into a class 83
preventing with JSP 50
embedded properties 213
eMotherEarth
building the base 372
built with only servlets 29
with pooled boundary classes 434
EMotherServletBase 34, 43
empty catch block 405
encapsulation 532
as a concern 330
complex snippets of code 62
entering() 517
Enterprise JavaBean 97
business rules scalability 23
compared to JavaBeans 338
JNDI 470
Model 2 9
persistence layer 564
scaling applications up to 441
used in framework comparison 314
entities
defined 334
resource management 469
servlet-only eMotherEarth 43
unit tests 524
entity bean 339
complexity 441
used to update entites 348
when to use 341
entity package in eMotherEarth 372
EntityBean 350
EntryAction in Parameterized Commands 123
equals() 349
ERROR 220
error handling 68
in custom tags 75
Error JSP 406
error log 100
errors bean for validations 110
eToys.com 337
EVAL_BODY_AGAIN 65
event driven 4, 407
paradigm 251
event handlers
using adaptor classes 64
using InternetBeans Express 229
exception 101, 402
handling 401
problems 402
execute
front controllers 117
Struts 138
execution context 477
exit, jdb command 488
exiting() 517
expression language
defined 206
related to value stack and custom tags 213
used with custom tags 213
Extensible Server Pages 289
Extensible Stylesheet Language 284
extension mapping in Struts 140
extraneous object references 424
Extreme Programming 523
F
Façade design pattern 446, 453
benefits 463
benefits of gericity 469
compared to Flyweight 453
effectiveness 464
eMotherEarth 457
façade class 457-462
factory object 454, 464
goal for using 463
making more generic 464
factory 231, 464
factory class 387
class advantages 389
implementation options 389
Factory design pattern 509
used in logging 509
faster performance, using caching 450
fields, jdb command 487
FileResourceLoader 266
findByPrimaryKey() 355, 358
finder method, defined 355
finite resource pools 87
firePageBeginRender()method 179
fixture
example 527
in JUnit 525
Flyweight design pattern 446
and mutable objects 452
characteristics 452
considerations 452
described 447
implementation 448
limitations of mutable objects 453
object 452
reference 452
when it is not suitable 453
focusLost() 364
foreach
debugging 479
in Tapestry 192
in Velocity 273
JSTL 83
simplifying complex relationship notation 384
foreign keys 49, 102
form beans 140, 151
formatNumber tag 83
formatting 207
Forte for Java 493
framework
building from custom tags 88
callback 179
component 134
Critical Mass 318
definition 11
design considerations 319
Developer Community 319
Documentation 315
ease of use 320
feel 322
flexibility 321
innovative ideas 323
insularity 322
JavaDoc 316
lifetime and maintainability 315
Model 2 11
places in use 319
power 321
scalability 314
source code 316
speed of development 313
suitability to the application 312
tool support 317
transparent infrastructure 323
user interface 320
using custom tags 62
freeMemory() 412
Front Controller 201
design pattern 118, 204
in WebWork 200
FTP 419
G
Gamma, Helm, Johnson, and Vlissides 6
Gang of Four 117, 447
generator, FileGenerator 294
generic Action 137
generic controller servlet 123
in Model 2 118
generic editors, validations in WebWork 224
generic Exception 101
generic framework 134
generic Model 2 application as base for Velocity Schedule application 262
generic parts 11
generic type 97
generic versions of concrete objects using the JSP useBean 110
Generically Returning Boundaries 467
GenericKeyedObjectPool 434, 454, 458
compared to SoftReferences 440
GenericKeyedObjectPool.Config 437
GenericServlet 435, 454
getApplicationSpecificationPath in Tapestry's Hello, World application 164
getEngine() method 167
getLogger() 513
getOut 70
getPage() method 182
getProductBoundary() 460
getVisit() 168
global properties compared to context parameters 174
GoF 6
good design practices at the expense of memory usage 100
granular methods 33
as support for unit testing 524
difficulty in JSP 60
graphic designers, user interfaces in Struts 157
H
handleBookmark() 399
Handler chains 547
handleRequest(), method in Velocity 264
handleRestore() 399
handlers 546
compared to filter servlets 546
examples 546
handling presentation with JSP 62
Hangman tutorial
for Tapestry 168
Tapestry sample 194
hard coded into the JSP 113
hashCode() 349
HashMap
compared to WeakHashMap 431
used for lazy loading 102
Hashtable 127
used in Velocity Template Language 268
heap 411
heavy mixture of presentation and code elements 55
heavy weight methodologies
characteristics of 522
heavyweight resources 472
Hello, World
in Tapestry 162
help, jdb command 488
Herculean effort 313
Hibernate
described 566
disadvantages 566
hidden resource cost, potential in custom tags 87
high cohesion 89, 320
as a framework consideration 324
desirability in frameworks 361
high coupling 88
highly cohesive classes in Model 2 116
Historical HTML comments 5
Home class in Tapestry's Schedule application 179
home interface use 345
Home page in Tapestry Schedule application 176
home page 189
specification in Tapestry 162
template in Tapestry 162
hopelessly coupled 50
Howard Lewis Ship 160, 193
HTML
as JSP pages 124
generated from code 567
HTML components
in Tapestry 160
HTML select tag
generating in Model 2 113
in WebWork 216
HTML serializer 287
HTML tables, generating tests 539
HTML tags 143
HTML template 161, 233
HtmlSQLResult 38, 66, 80
HTTP get/post semantics 190
HTTP header 285
HttpMonitor 497
HttpServletRequest 204
and WebWork 204
framework replacements 322
HttpSession
as memento caretaker 401
automatic handling in Tapestry 186
compared to Tapestry's Visit 167
implemented as a Map in WebWork 205
HttpSessionAttributeListener 461
HttpUnit 537
used when evaluating frameworks 314
Husted, Ted xvii
I
I18N 80
I18N, Jakarta Taglib 84
IComponent 170
IdComparator 451
identical controller servlets 117
idl2java, similarity to WSDL2Java 549
IEngine 169
defined 167
IEngineService 169
IllegalArgumentException 222
IMarkupWriter 170
immutable 426, 452
Flyweight design pattern 452
implicit exception object 406
implicit JSP objects replaced by custom tags 85
inBounds() method 248
info() 517
information flow between development teams 93
inheritance, suitability 320
init parameter 32, 75
and Struts controller 141
in Parameterized Commands 125
inner class, used as a memento 396
Input, Jakarta Taglib 84
Insert component 192
Inspector 195
debugging support 507
instanceof 467
Insularity, defined 322
interaction with a framework as a concern 330
interface
decouple implementation, defined 332
hide implementation in frameworks 331
implementation hiding technque 330
Model 2 applications 93
internationalization
in WebWork 204
Struts 13, 145
Tapestry 194
using JSTL 83
WebWork 213
Internet Engineering Task Force 545
Internet Express Controls 234
Internet time 522
as related to unit testing 522
InternetBeans Express 228
advanced user interface techniques 390
and exceptions 407
and transaction processing 401
debugging 507
non-suitability for EJB 314
non-suitability for optimization 469
non-suitability when porting to EJB 360
object pooling 440
intersperse utility code 37
InvalidBalanceException 402
IO, Jakarta Taglib 84
IPropertySelectionModel 189
IRender 170
IRequestCycle 171
defined 169
ITableDataModel 172
ITableModel 172
iterate
Struts 145
using JSTL 82
WebWork 206
iterator
Tag, definition 64
Tapestry’s ITableDataModel 172
WebWork 206, 213
ixCheckBox 236
ixComboBox 237, 248
ixComponents 257
defined 236
ixControl 234, 236
related to PageProducer 235
ixHidden 237
ixImage 236
ixImageButton 237
ixLink 236
ixListBox 237
ixPassword 237
ixPushButton 237
ixRadioButton 237
ixSpan 236
ixSubmitButton 236–237
ixTable 236, 257
ixTextArea 237
ixTextField 237
J
.jws 547
J2EE 28
Jackson, M.A. 442
Jacobson, Ivar 335
Jakarta 157, 160, 262, 368, 454
Commons Pools 433
JSTL implementation 80
Log4J 508
Struts 12
Turbine 14
JarResourceLoader 266
Java Community Process 80
Java Data Objects 565
Java developers, focus on model building 93
Java Naming and Directory Interface 361
Java reflection 161
Struts 13
Java Server Pages 6
java.hprof.txt 413
java.sql., as alternative to collections 99
Java2WSDL 551
JavaBean
and Tapestry's Visit object 167
API in WebWork 207
as the model 92
compared to EJB 338
criteria 333
hosting business rules 22
in Model 2 9
in Tapestry 161
specification 220
Struts 13
used in JSP 6
using 333
JavaDoc 72
for WebWork 225
in InternetBeans Express 257
in Tapestry 192
JavaScript 363, 568
business rules 24
client-side validation 362
embedded in model 368
including 364
placement in the model bean 365
placement of the code 363
testing 537
used in XSP 301
Velocity comparison 263
when to use 368
javax.servlet.jsp.jspException 406
jbInit() 232
JBoss 340
configuration 343
jboss.jcml 343
JBuilder 228, 257, 259, 498
Code Insight 504
Code Insight and debugging 505
debugger capabilities 502
debugging in alternative servlet engines 499
dynamically investigate variables 505
Enterpise Edition 498
evaluate and modfiy dialog 503
evaluating as a debugger 506
incorporating JRun 499
JavaDoc 316
loaded classes view 503
project setup 498
starting the debugger 501
Struts 157
support for frameworks 317
support for JUnit 535
thread view 502
jdb
breakpoint options 489
catch command 489
command options 486
cont command 490
description 483
dump command 490
list command 489
locals command 490
motivation for use 483
next command 489
rational for use 493, 505
roadmap for use 492
run command 489
running 486
sourcepath command 489
starting 483
step 489
stop at command 489
stop in command 489
thread command 489
thread command to restict servlet engine 490
threads command 488
viewing expressions 491
JDBC 534
and DataExpress 230
interfaces 331
models 99
JDBCFixture 534
JDO
defined 565
underlying implementation 565
JEdit 317
Jetty 195
JMeter 419, 421
JMS, Jakarta Taglib 84
JNDI 343
compared to database connection 361, 470
defined 361
Jakarta Taglib 84
mangaged resource 470
pooling 470
typical strategy 470
Jolt 12
JRun, incorporating into JBuilder 499
JS_ITEM_VALIDATION 367
JScript 362
JSP 4
as substitute for servlets in Model 2 116
as view framework for WebWork 202
as view in Model 2 9
breakpoints in NetBeans 496
coding horrors in 6
compared to Velocity 262, 282
compared to XSP 289
debugging 477–478
debugging in NetBeans 493
disadvantage 55
ideal for response 92
in Model 2 9
JSP * 151
JSP custom tag library
automatic behavior and pitfalls 116
InternetBeans Express 229
manipulating JavaBeans 62
runtime 68, 70
Struts 13
tool support 318
JSP expression 72
compared to JSTL 83
JSP-centric 9
JspException 68
jspInit 52
JSR 80
JSTL 80, 107
advanced data type handling 381
advantage over scriptlets and expressions 381
combined with Struts 323
debugging 478
dot notation 382
handling complex relationships 384
InternetBeans Express custom tags comparison 257
JBuilder 259
limitations of some tags 319
Model 2 applications 110
RAD frameworks comparison 314
simplifying usabilty coding 380
tool support 318
transaction processing 393
universal plug-in 321
used in WebWork 324
Velocity comparison 274, 282
JTable 8, 172
JTextField 364
JTree 8
JUnit
assertEquals() 527
assertNotNull 527
assertSame() 527
assertTrue() 527
Automating Regression Testing 535
DbUnit 534
described 525
fixture 525
Running Tests 528
test suite 529
TestCase 525
to call web services 559
just in time repository of data 205
jwc extension 184
jwcid attribute 178
JWebUnit 536
described 537
similarity to JUnit 537
K
Kernighan, Brian 508
key generation 23, 393
isolation 393
KeyedBoundaryPoolFactory, used in Facade 466
KeyedPoolableObjectFactory 433
defined 433
in eMotherEarth 434
used in Facade 466
kill, jdb command 487
Knuth , Donald 442
L
LabelValueBean 134
large HTML data structure 40
Lazy instantiation
compared to application server caching 472
defined 472
lazy loading 102, 428
less code, using caching 450
less memory, using caching 450
level, used in loggers 510
library
in JBuilder 498
in Tapestry 174
lightweight exception, defined 101
List
EJB 346
eMotherEarth base 377
generic type 97
sorting 385
list, jdb command 488
list resource bundle 241
Listeners, defined 420
listeners, in JMeter 420
ListingAction in Parameterized Commands 121
load balancing using Velocity 267
Load Runner 419
load testing
compared to profilers 419
frameworks 421
motivation 419
local forward 140
local object vs. remote interface 360
local variables
and threads 476, 502
debugging in NetBeans 496
locale 145
in Tapestry 162
localization 83
properties 145, 205
locals, jdb command 487
locate() method 241
log, from servlet context 33
Log, Jakarta Taglib 84
Log4J 508
Appender 512
configuration options 518
described 516
formatting options 511
in Tapestry 164, 179
in WebWork 209
pattern formatter 516
logger
capturing memory measurements 412
choosing 519
configuration elements 510
differences in XML output 518
helper methods 516
hierarchy 509
in frameworks 519
levels 510
Log4J default output format 511
namespace hierarchy 509
output format 511
package name hierarchy 509
parent logger 509
primary differences 516
related to debugging 508
SDK compared to Log4J 512
SDK convenience methods 514
SDK default output format 511
SDK Handlers 512
speed of initial test 511
Velocity 266
Logic tags 144
loose coupling 197, 204
systems 320
low coupling 89, 320
as a framework consideration 324
desirability in frameworks 361
in Tapestry 323
M
Macintosh Computer 5
Macromedia 499
magic markers 5
Mailer, Jakarta Taglib 84
maintenance
application 60
in Model 2 applications 117
JSP problems 62
too much Java in JSP 6
makeObject() 433
Map
similarity of Velocity Context 269
used in Cocoon 300
used in EJB 348
mapping 156
master controller servlet in Struts 137
maxMemory() 412
Mazzocchi, Stefano 284
measuring memory via the operating system 411
Memento
applied to web applications 395
design pattern 395
impact on Model 2 401
participant classes 395
suitability of inner classes 397
memory 470
intensive cache 430
leak, defined 424
measuring usage 410
motivation for caching 446
profiler 412
speed tradeoff characteristics 377
usage measuring 410
Mercury Interactive 419
mess of mixed presentation and logic 59
messy code in JSP-only eMotherEarth 55
metadata
and scoped DataRow 241
in cached data 233
meta-property information, defined 207
method sampling technique 413
Microsoft and web services 545
mixed HTML and scriptlet debugging 479
mixed Java and HTML 74
mixed scriptlet and presentation code 55
eliminated with custom tags 73
mixing of code and presentation logic 60
model
defined 334
in Model 2 applications 94
in publishing framework 293
MVC 7
order of creation in Model 2 93
to provide sorting 384
used in Model 2 92
Model 2 201
application and InternetBeans Express 237
building modular applications 337
changes required for EJB 360
compared to Tapestry 196
compared to WebWork 201
comparing frameworks 322
definition 9
disadvantages 116
distinction between design pattern and framework 12
easily optimized architecture 469
Emergence 9
eMotherEarth 372
error pages 406
evolution towards 10
framework 92
in Struts 12
incorporating web services 556
information flow 94
migrating to EJB 340
migration 338
overview 92
porting to EJB 565
related to Pull Hierarchical MVC 200
resource management 469
separating concerns 330
sorting user interface elements 384
Struts 156
suitability for use with EJB 315
transaction processing 391
undo 401
unit testing 524
use of EJB 360
use of model beans 334
user interfaces 566
using Cocoon 288
using memento 401
model bean
as value objects 102
in Model 2 10
Struts 13
used in WebWork 201
Model-View-Controller 200
and Tapestry components 170
building modular applications 337
definition 7
in Cocoon 284
in Tapestry 197
in WebWork 200
model beans 334
related to publishing framework 293
modular application, defined 337
modulus 379
multi-cast for loggers, defined 512
multi-page scrolling in Tapestry 184
multi-threaded access 28
MVC 7, 9, 20
MySQL 49, 331, 348
key generation 393
N
naming service, defined 361
narrow() method 343
NASA 313
Navigation assembler 18
NetBeans 493
compared to jdb 497
description 493
evaluating as a debugger 506
starting debugger 493
support for JUnit 535
newsgroups 319
next, jdb command 487, 489
NoNullNameException, domain exception 402
NullPointerException
as a RuntimeException 403
as a technical exception 402
O
Object Creation 422
Object Management Group 544
object pool 463
and Tapestry 469
defined 427
in application servers 339
in Tapestry 160, 168, 189
object reference, compared to soft and weak references 428
Object Reuse, motivation 423
ObjectModelHelper 305
Object-oriented programming 7, 319
OMG 544
onBlur 364
open source 200, 318, 566
application servers 340
compared to commercial frameworks 228
documentation 315
frameworks 12
JSTL 80
JUnit 525
Log4J 516
Open Symphony project 200
opportunities for code reuse 69
Optimizeit 417
Oracle 331
Order boundary class, in eMotherEarth 391
OrderInfo 558
Originator 395
outline, in composed method 33
P
.page in Tapestry 165
package structure, in eMotherEarth 372
packages, advantages of inherent design 466
page
Jakarta Taglib 84
properties 168
specification in Tapestry 165
page-at-a-time scrolling 372
motivation 378
pageContext 77
and scriptlets 384
used in JSTL 83
PageProducer 233–234
as controller 234
defined 234
for event notification 234
related to ixControls 235
roles in the application 235
parallel development hindered by JSP 60
parameterized commands 118
advantages 127
disadvantages 127
in models 100
Struts 137, 158
parameterless constructor in stateless classes 422
parse() 517
Parsing HTML 6
passivateObject() 433
path of least resistance 258
pattern 7
PDF 289, 295
peak concurrent users 440
performance
keys to effective 472
motivation 410
penalty, using thread safe collections 97
profiling components 412
tuning 24
Perl 4–5
persistence 197
and EJB 360
as a concern 330
defined 564
PHP, replaced by Velocity 262
Pike, Rob 508
pipeline 294
components 295
defined 286, 298
in Cocoon 284
setup 300
stage in Cocoon 287
types of steps 287
pivot point handler 546
Plain Old Java Objects 564
defined 564
pluggable services, Turbine 14
POJO
developer attitude 564
ideal for model 92
Pollo 299, 317
pool of objects 447
pooling page objects
in Tapestry 170
PoolNotSetException 403
pop, jdb command 488
post(), in DataSet 233
post-back servlet 378, 384
debugging in InternetBeans Express 507
premature optimization is the root of all evil 442
PreparedStatement 49, 231
presentation layer, using JSP 50
primary key class 349
print writer 34
print, jdb command 487
private member variables, while debugging 491
private methods, used in composed method 33
private nested classes 183
ProcedureDataSet 231
processor resources in Cocoon 286
product boundary class in eMotherEarth base 377
Profiling, motivation 410
promoted to the base class servlet 34
proof-of-concept 442
application 314
Properties 144
in Velocity 268
tag 206
PropertyDescriptors 224
PropertyResourceBundle 144
PropertySelection 187, 189
PropertySelectionModel 189
proxies for the controller servlet 138
pseudo events 197
publishing framework 284, 289
benefits 286
defined 285
Pull Hierarchical Model-View-Controller 200
Pull HMVC 200
Pull Model 205
pure virtual class 330
defined 330
Q
qryEvents_calcFields() method of DataSet 241
QueryDataSet 231, 238
Queue for object pools 427
quiescent servlets 127
R
RAD 228, 313, 360, 390
and resource management 469
development compared to Model 2 228
framework 255, 313
problems 258
shortcomings 390
web development framework 228
when it makes sense 313
Random, Jakarta Taglib 84
Range checking 102
Rapid Application Development. See RAD
Rational Software 335
redefine 492
jdb command 488
refactor 523
to support composed method xxvii
references, Velocity Template Language 268
referential integrity 23
reflection 464–465
and efficiency 566
and hibernate 566
in WebWork 213
Regexp, Jakarta Taglib 84
regression test
benefits 540
defined 523
remote object, desirable characteristics 360
remote procedure calls 544
render phase, in Tapestry 169
Rendering Pages, InternetBeans Express 235
Request, Jakarta Taglib 85
request/response pairs 92
RequestCycle 169–170
RequestDispatcher
in Model 2 applications 105
Struts' alternative 139
requestor 546
requirements 92
document business rules 22
reset() method 423
resource allocation, distributed applications 28
resource loading in Velocity 266
resource management 24
resource protection 36
ResourceBundle 205
resources, HTML parsing 6
response code used in WebWork 202
Response, Jakarta Taglib 85
restoreMemento() 397
ResultSet 231
exposing through the model 99
ResultSetMetaData 68, 231
resume, jdb command 487
rethrow 404
returing objects to a pool 460
returnBoundaries() 468
reusable library 454
rewind phase in Tapestry 169
RMI 544
over IIOP protocol 544
rmic, similarity to WSDL2Java 549
rollback 50, 391
root directory 547
Rules of Optimization 442
Rumbaugh, James 335
run 492
jdb command 487
Runtime class, measuring memory 412
run-time expression, custom tag deployment descriptor 72
RuntimeException 101, 403
S
safety features in Java 403
save points in JDBC 3 391
SaveAction in Parameterized Commands 124
saveChanges() in DataSet 233
SaveEntry in Model 2 94, 113
saveMemento() 397
SAX events 287, 294
scalability 97, 314, 467
concerns 337
problems 6
using web services 545
SchedTable 181
component 174
sched-template
in InternetBeans Express Schedule application 245
InternetBeans Express schedule application 244
Schedule Application using EJB 340
Schedule boundary class in Velocity 276
ScheduleAddException in Model 2 100
ScheduleBean
changed to EJB proxy 357
in Model 2 94
in UML 336
ScheduleDb in Struts sample 134
ScheduleEntry in Model 2 94, 109
ScheduleEntryAction in Struts 147
ScheduleEntryView
in Model 2 94
using JavaScript 364
ScheduleItem
as a local entity class 359
changed for WebWork 221
in Struts 136
in Tapestry 183
in Tapestry Schedule application 190
in UML 335
in Velocity 276
ScheduleView
in Model 2 94, 105
in Struts 142
Scheduling application in Cocoon 302
Scrape, Jakarta Taglib 85
Screen assembler 18
scriptlet
replaced by custom tags 85
to handle complex relationships 383
Scrum 523
SDK profiler, recipe for use 414
secrets to high performance 427
separate resource file in Struts 144
separation of code and presentation 83
separation of concerns 200
in Model 2 113
using Velocity 263
validations 362
separation of logic and presentation 62
violation in servlets 44
separation of responsibilities 69, 202
and Struts 157
failure in using only custom tags 89
in Model 2 93
relating to Model 2 and EJB 360
violated with JSTL SQL tags 394
separation of responsibilities using custom tags 87
serialization 197, 294–295
compared to JDO 565
in Cocoon 286
stateless classes 422
XMLSerializer 295
server.config 547
server-config.wsdd 556
service-based architecture 19
ServiceLocator 549, 552
servlet
2.3 specification 461
API 29
as controllers 116
chaining related to Cocoon 294
configuration parameter 379
context and caching 447
context in custom tags 77
engine 477
ideal for request 92
starting in debug mode 485
to build applications 29
ServletActionContext.getRequest() 205
servlet-centric 9
approach to Model 2 116
servletConfig 379
ServletContext 100, 455
accessibility from models 100
compared to Session Context 343
for logging in abstract Actions 120
ServletContextListener 455
defined 455
ServletDispatcher 201, 203, 209
servletGet() method 235
servlet-only framework, disadvantages 255
ServletRequestAware 204
session
advantages and disadvantages in Model 2 107
advantages as caching mechanism 107
and extraneous object references 425
and facade 459
as a magical repository 472
as caretaker 398
as caretaker for memento 401
disadvantage of caching mechanism 107
Jakarta Taglib 85
manual invalidation 426
Session Bean to encapsulate business rules 356
session cop 473
defined 87
session event listener 362
session management in Tapestry 160
session tracking and Tapestry 160
SessionAttributeListener 469, 472
SessionAware 205
SessionContext, defined 343
SessionScrubber 461
use of Facade 463
session-specific DataModule 244
set based 23
set, jdb command 487
setAutoCommit() method 391
setElementId() method in InternetBeans Express 245
setUp() 525
overriding 531
setupLogger() 513
setVisit() 168
Shakespearean plays 551
shared memory
and remote machines 484
model 484
ShoppingCart 43
ShoppingCartItem 43
ShoppingCartMemento 397
ShowCart
in JSP-only eMotherEarth 55